ABSTRACT

A six month study was conclude  to determine the prevalence of ,salmonella species  healthy Pigs and Salmonella  environment and slaughter house environment. Ihe Samples \crc coiJected from hcaJih swine and pieery environments like feed, water. lacces. all.s. tl(K)r. rodents and Ilies Ilic pn. firnis were located iii Ik tiano Umuahia North and ljnivahia South Local Government Areas of Abia-State. Nigeria. Entrails samples like spleen. small intestine, liver, lungs and lymph nodes ere takcii. Also slaughtering house environmental swab samples were collected from the surfaces of  basin. butchermn knil. workers hands and holden l)eils. •ilint'l/o speCies \\CFC detected in 4 I .l%) of the swine samples with the fidlo\\ iiw, distribution. Pip,kts (15/113. 133%). Weancrs (23/I I 5,200%). ftt(tencrs (30/I 20,25.0%). and adults (I ôIO9. 14.7%). lhc igery environmental swabs showed that S'a/mo,,el/, spp. erc recovered from the all (I 5/97. 15/5%). Faeces (25/114,21 9%), lirine (2/56,3(%). floor (24/100.24.0%). water trough (9/45. 20.0%). and feed trough (M!15. I 7%) Product samples collected from slaunhtcring houses showed the PFCSCUCC 0 .'(IImo#iel/c1 species iii spleen (1/10, I t)0%). small intestine (9/40.22.5%), liver (5/40. 12 to). lungs (3/40.7.5%) and lvnlj)h nodes (I 6/40.40.0%). .S'aln,onella species were recovered from slaughtering tables (3/I 5.20.0%). and holding . ins .t US. 7() i)?). Although clinical salmonellosis was not detected in the stud herd. multiple scrotvpcs of Salmonella were causing endemic infections in the stud herd. The most Frequently detected species was Salmonella cho/ereasuis and it was resistant to almost all the antibiotics used in sensitivity testing. 1'hc results showed the necessity of adopting more cflictivc hygienic measures in the abattoirs as e1l as in the areas where swine are raised in order to reduce the role of abattoir and piggery environment in the spread of Sil,noneIh,.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

]"iI)IC 0fcøiilcflts .

List of' tables

I.,ist of' Figures

1.0 CHAPTER ONE

• I Introduction

1.2 Objectives 4

1.2.0 Literature Rcviciv 5

I .2. 1 Background

1.2.2. Description ofSu/iiioii'//a .

1.2.3. Basic data concerning Sa/moneIIu 7

I .2 4 I)etectin Su/,m;iiellu 0

1 .2.5. Occurrence 01 .aImuue//(J in I lie envinmmenf JO

1 .2.6. Reservoirs oL"ciImo;;clkx organisms I I

I .2.7. Eidcmiology of' Salmunella contamination in pig 12

1.2.8. The Stilinojie//a cycle of il)ICC1iOfl 14

1 .2.9. Sulnume//o.sj.s as a zoonotic disease

1.2.10. Scil,noiieIIu Itiod poisoning

I .2. I I • I .cononnic impact of' Salmonelhosis

2.0 CIIAPTI:R 2 19

Materials And Methods 19

2. 1 . Materials 19.

2.2. Samples cot led R)fl 20

2.3 Isolation procedure 20

2,4. Growth conclit ions and culture media 21

2.5. Characterization and identificat ton of' isolates 22

2.6. Biochemical identihcation 22

2.7. Catalase Test 22

2.8. M.1.IJ Test 23

2.). Triple sugar lion (T.S. I ) Test 23

2 10. ('itralc Test 23

2. I 1. Antigenic characterization 24

2. 12. i\ntibiotic sensitivity Test 24

2. 13. Statistical method 25

3.0 ('JPTFR 3 26

3.1 Results 26

4.() (TIIAI'TER 4

4. I. Discussion 43

4.2. Conclusion and Recommnendal ion 47

Reference

Appendix 57