ABSTRACT

 Standard methods of analysis were used to determine the mineral and nutrient content of the molluscan shells. e The mean and variance of each nutrient were determined. The shells contained high percentage of calcium of 12.35 to 15.07% (13.90±0,26) sodium 0.10 to 1.55% (0.705±0,16) magnesium 0.10 to 1.02% (0.44±0.009) phosphorus 0.18 to 0.63 (0.35±0.005) potassium 0.003 to 0.021% (0.012±0.002). The molluscan shells also has large proportions of crude protein with values of 1.49-3.76% (2.32±0.22). The ash content was between 86.0 and 96% (90.8±1.12). The fat/oil value was 0.40 to 1.0% (0.65±0.07); moisture content was between 1.50 and 10% (6.5± 0.95) and crude fibre content ranged from 0.50 to 5.50% (3.42± 0.49). These results were not unrelated to their feeding habits. The molluscs were collected from different riches such as mangroove root, subtida]. mud; intertidal surface leaf litter and inside water itself. These shells can be used as substitute ingredients in fish feed formulation a thereby saving cost and foreign exchange for the nation and if properly utilized will increase fish production through increased use in fish feed manufacture.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE Page

Title page  .. I

Title of Thesis ii

Declaration .. .. iii

Certification .. iv

Dedication V

Acknowledgement vi

Abstract vii

Table of Contents .. viii

CHAPTER ONE .. .. 1.

Introduction I

 CHAPTER TWO 3

 Literature Review .. .. .. 3

The Role of Ingredients in Plant & Animal Growth 3

Composition of Ingredients .. 3

 Minerals S. S. Calcium .. .. .. 5

Phosphorus •.. .. .. 5

Magnesium .. .. .. 5

 Potassium.. .. 6

Sodium .. .. 7

 Carbohydrate .. .. .. 7

Protein .. .. •• 8

Fats/Oil .. .. .. 8

 Classification and Distribution of Mollusc .. 9

Gastroped Mollusc .. .. .. 9

4vL'çhatina marginata .. .. 10

Tympanotonus fuscatus .. .. 10

Thais califera .. .. II

 Limicolaria aurora .. 1.1

Puqilina mono 12

Oliva acuminata 12

Bivalve mollusc 12

Eqeria radiata 13

Anadara senilis .. 13

Crassostrea qasar .. 14

Mute].a Soeci 15

CHAPTER THREE .. 15

Materials and Methods 15

List of Species of Mollusc used for the study 15

Source of Samples .. .. 15

 Plate 1 S. .. 16

Analysis of Mineral S. .. 17

Determination of Sodium and Potassium .. 17

Determination of Calcium and Magnesium .. 18

Determination of Calcium S. 18

Determination of phosphorus .. S. 18

Nitrogen/Crude Protein determination Using Macra Kjeldehl Method of Extraction S. 19 Determination of total Ash S. •S 20

Determination of total fat/oil by Ether Extraction Using the Soxhlet Raflux apparatus principle 20 Determination of Crude Fibre ,. .. 21

Statistical Analysis .. .. 21

 CHAPTER FOUR .• .. .. 22

Result and Discussion .. .. 22

Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Molluscan Shell 22

Analysis of Mineral Composition of Molluscan Shell 23

Discussion S. .. 24

CHAPTER FIVE S. 26

Conclusion .. .. 26

Reference S. .. .. 27

 Appendix 1. S. S. S. 31

Appendix II .. a. a. 35

Appendix III a. a. •5 38

 Appendix IV .. a. S. 39

Appendix V .. S. a. 40

Appendix VI .. S. a. 41