ABSTRACT
Aliments are parts of human life, but due to resistant nature of synthetic drugs and its cost rate there is need for alternative and there comes medicinal plants which have and continued to play a major role in treating human diseases. Synedrella nodiflora is a medicinal plant that has been used to treat constipation, dysentery and diarrhea. This study is designed to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and laxative activities of synedrella nodiflora. in vitro method of assessment were used to determine the scavenging activities of the extract on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl(DDPH), Nitric oxide and Anti-lipid peroxidation as well as determination of the antibacterial activities against some bacteria strains like staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, salmonella typi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Laxative activity was also carried out on wistar albino rat in this study by diluting the ethanolic extract of the plant using serial dilution. The plant extract was diluted to different concentrations of 2000mg, 1000mg, 500mg, 250mg, 125mg, 62.5mg respectively and administrated intraperitoneally to the experimental animals. Acute toxicity study of the plant extract was determined and the LD50 was found to be (>6400). Ducox was used as control drug for laxative, vitamin c was used as control for antioxidant and ciprofloxacin was used as control for antimicrobial activities. At the end of the experiment, the result shows that the activities of the plant extract against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl(DDPH), Nitric oxide, Anti-lipid peroxidation, bacteria strains and its laxative action were all concentration dependent. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl(DDPH), Nitric oxide and Anti-lipid peroxidation has an IC50 values of 3.96mg/ml, 4.15mg/ml and 4.38mg/ml respectively. The result of the antioxidant reveals potent free radicals scavenging activities. The laxative and antimicrobial activities show a good evidence that the crude extract of synedrella nodiflora is a good source of antimicrobial and laxative agents which justifies its traditional use.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND PLATES vii
ABSTRACT viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA 1
1.1.1 USES 3
1.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY 6
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 6
1.4 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 THE PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF LAXATIVE 9
2.1.1 PHARMACOLOGY OF LAXATIVE 9
2.2 REVIEW OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 10
2.3 ANTIMICROBIAL 12
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
3.1 STUDY SITE 17
3.2 COLLECTION OF PLANT SAMPLE 17
3.2.1 PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACT 17
3.3 RAT COLLECTION AND TREATMENT 18
3.4 MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE 18
3.4.1 ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA ON RAT 19
3.5 EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION OF LAXATIVE 19
3.6 DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 20
3.6.1 DDPH ASSAY 20
3.6.2 DETERMINATION OF INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST LIPID PEROXIDATION 21
3.6.3 IN-VITRO NITRIC OXIDE RADICAL (NO) SCAVENGING ASSAY 22
3.7 EXPERIMENTATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 22
3.7.1 PREPARATION OF INNOCULA 22
3.7.2 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TEST 23
3.7.3 MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) 23
3.7.4 PREPARATION OF ANTIBIOTIC STOCK SOLUTION 24
3.8 IC50 CALCULATION 24
3.9 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT 25
4.1 ACUTE TOXICITY AND LETHALITY TEST RESULT 25
4.2 ANTIMICROBIAL TEST RESULTS 26
4.3 ANTIOXIDANT TEST RESULTS 29
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 35
5.1 DISCUSSION 35
5.2 CONCLUSION 38
REFRENCES
CYNTHIA, M (2020). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial And Laxative Potential Of Ethanol Leave Extract Of Synedrella Nodiflora(L). Gaertn. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Nov 23, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-laxative-potential-of-ethanol-leave-extract-of-synedrella-nodiflora-l-gaertn
MOUAU/12/22449, CYNTHIA. "Antioxidant, Antimicrobial And Laxative Potential Of Ethanol Leave Extract Of Synedrella Nodiflora(L). Gaertn" Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 29 May. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-laxative-potential-of-ethanol-leave-extract-of-synedrella-nodiflora-l-gaertn. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/12/22449, CYNTHIA. "Antioxidant, Antimicrobial And Laxative Potential Of Ethanol Leave Extract Of Synedrella Nodiflora(L). Gaertn". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 29 May. 2020. Web. 23 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-laxative-potential-of-ethanol-leave-extract-of-synedrella-nodiflora-l-gaertn >.
MOUAU/12/22449, CYNTHIA. "Antioxidant, Antimicrobial And Laxative Potential Of Ethanol Leave Extract Of Synedrella Nodiflora(L). Gaertn" Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2020). Accessed 23 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-laxative-potential-of-ethanol-leave-extract-of-synedrella-nodiflora-l-gaertn