Abstract This study examined the effect of Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) on the risk attitude of poultry farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. It identified the different sources of risk encountered by farmers in poultry production, classify poultry farmer's base on their risk attitudes; determine the effect of socio-economic factors and NAIS participation of farmers on their risk attitudes and finally, ascertain poultry farmers' attitudes to NAIS. Multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 97 poultry framers of which 37 are participants of the NAlS. Data were collected with well structured questionnaire administrated with the aid of Abia State Development programme staff and personal interview by researcher. Analysis was done using simple statistical tool like tables, percentages, frequencies and Important index including single equation OLS regression. Natural source of risk was identified the most important risk source in the study area, cost of stock was found to be the most significant input variable in poultry production while measurement of risk attitudes coefficient established that poultry farmers are distributed from low risk-averse to intermediate risk-averse and high risk-averse. Estimation of the effect of socio-economic factors and NAIS participation farmers indicated that education, experience and stock size were the positive determinants of risk attitudes while volume of credit, NAIS participation and non farm income were the negative significant determinants. Likert-type scale showed that majority of the farmers had favourable attitude toward NAIS, this is supported by its overall mean of 3.66. F-test established that there was a significant statistical difference in the mean risk attitudes coefficients of the three groups risk-averse farmers, implying that the difference in the attitudes of the poultry farmers to risk as a result of their different aversion to different sources of risk in poultry production. Chows test revealed that NAIS participation reduces farmers risk aversion hence, the structural shift in slope. Therefore, it is recommended that NAIS policies should be made more accessible and affordable to farmers even with or without credit attached and irrespective of their stock size.