ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out to
determine the acute toxicity/lethal dose and the tolerance level of raw castor
oil bean (Ricinus communis) extract on broilers. The seed were ground, defatted
with petroleum ether and the residue was subjected to extracted with phosphate
buffer saline (PBS). The extracts volume equivalents of six doses (Og/kg),
4g/kg, 9g/kg, 14g/kg, 19g/kg and 24g/kg) were determined and then given by oral
drenching to thirty 6-week old broilers, averaging 500-600g. There were 5 birds
per treatment. The drenched birds were left in their respective pens with access
to feed and water and observed for 48 hours. Few minutes after the
administration of the extracts dizziness was observed followed by diarrhoric
droppings. The intensity increased with increase in tho doses. After 12 hours,
two birds died in treatment 2 and four in treatment 3 while all the birds in
treatments 4, 5 and 6 died. At the end of 48 hours, a bird each from treatments
2 and 3 died bringing the total percent mortality to 60% and 100% respectively.
This implies that Ricinus communis is acutely toxic with LDo that is close to
4g of seed per kg body weight. This also means that the tolerance level of
broiler birds for raw Ricinus communis is about 4000 parts per million (ppm)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Origin and Distribution
2.2 Chemical Composition of Castor oil Bean
2.3 Antinutritional Factors and Toxins in Castor oil bean
2.4 Lectins
2.5 Ricin
2.5.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Structure of Ricin
2,5.2 Mechanism of Ricin Toxin
2.5.3 Exposure-Effect Relationship
2.6 Ricinus Communis Agglutinin (RCA)
2.7 Hydrogen Cyanide and Oxalates
2.7.1 Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydrogen Cyanide
2.8 Ricinine
2.9 Castor Allergen
2. IO Castor Oil
2.10.1 Extraction of Castor Oil
2.11 Lethal Toxicity of Ricinus Communis Seed
2.12 Castor Oil Bean as a Feedstuff
2.13 Detoxification of Castor Oil Bean
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3 .1 Management of Experimental Birds
3.2 Preparation of Extracts
3.3 Determination of Concentration of the Extract
3.4 Calculation of Volume of Extract to be Given to Each Bird
3.5 Administration of the extract
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Recommendation
Reference
Table2.
Table2.2:
Table3.l:
LIST OF TABLES
The chemical composition of oilseed meals (% DM) 6
Properties ofHCN 14
Corresponding Volume of Ricinus communis extract given the.
birds according to their body weight 25
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1: Structure of Ricin 6
Fig. 2.2: Chemical Synonym ofRicinine ns 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-
pyridone ยท16
Fig. 4.1: Mortality Rate against time (hrs) after the Administration of Extract 28
Fig. 4.2: Mortality (%) against Dosage Levels (g) of the Extract Administered 30
IRIOBE, I (2023). Acute Toxicity And Tolerance Level Of Castor Oil Bean (Ricinus communis L) On Broilers. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 08, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/acute-toxicity-and-tolerance-level-of-castor-oil-bean-ricinus-communis-l-on-broilers-7-2
IRIOBE, IRIOBE. "Acute Toxicity And Tolerance Level Of Castor Oil Bean (Ricinus communis L) On Broilers" Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 19 Jul. 2023, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/acute-toxicity-and-tolerance-level-of-castor-oil-bean-ricinus-communis-l-on-broilers-7-2. Accessed 08 Sep. 2024.
IRIOBE, IRIOBE. "Acute Toxicity And Tolerance Level Of Castor Oil Bean (Ricinus communis L) On Broilers". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 19 Jul. 2023. Web. 08 Sep. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/acute-toxicity-and-tolerance-level-of-castor-oil-bean-ricinus-communis-l-on-broilers-7-2 >.
IRIOBE, IRIOBE. "Acute Toxicity And Tolerance Level Of Castor Oil Bean (Ricinus communis L) On Broilers" Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2023). Accessed 08 Sep. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/acute-toxicity-and-tolerance-level-of-castor-oil-bean-ricinus-communis-l-on-broilers-7-2