Studies On Bacterial Species Associated With Dental Caries

ABSTRACT

Studies were carried out on bacterial species associated with dental caries. A total of 5 bacterial species were isolated. The isolates include Staphylococcus aureus (4), Streptococcus species (6), Proteus species (3), Escherichia coli (4) and Bacillus subtilis (1) respectively. Streptococcus species  had the highest number of bacteria isolates (37.5%) while the lowest bacteria strains isolate were recorded with  Bacillus subtilis (6.3%) respectively. The Levofloxacin show high level of susceptibility with 12(16.0%), follow by ciprofloxacin with 11(14.7%), Gentamycin and Rifampicin found to have 10(13.3%) while the list found with Chloramphenicol at 1(1.3%).  The chloramphenicol found to be highest resistant with 11(25.5%), follow by Norfloxacin 10(23.3%) while the list recorded with Ciprofloxacin,  Rifampicin and Levofloxacin with 1(2.3%) respectively. The present study reveals that Streptococcus species are major bacteria causes of tooth decay.  Regular teeth brushing and use of  mouth wash helps to avoid teeth decay. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Declaration                                                                                                  ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Dedication ﾿ iv

Acknowledgement ﾿ v

Table of contents ﾿ vi

List of tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER 1:  INTRODUCTION ﾿ 1

1.0 Background of the study ﾿ 2

1.1 Aim of the study ﾿ 3 

1.2 Objective of the Study ﾿ 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ﾿

2.1 Background to dental infection ﾿ 4 ﾿

2.2 Dental Decay Process ﾿ 5

2.3 Composition of the Human teeth ﾿ 5

2.3.1 Enamel ﾿ 5

2.3.2 Dentin ﾿ 6

2.3.3 Cementum ﾿ 7

2.3.4 Pulp ﾿ 7

2.4 Dental Plaque and Dental Pellicle ﾿ 8

2.4.1 Dental Plaque ﾿ 8

2.4.2 Dental Pellicle ﾿ 8

2.4.3 Dental Plaque Formation ﾿ 8

2.4.4 Dental Pellicle Formation ﾿ 9

2.4.5 Process of Dental Caries formation ﾿ 9

2.4.6 Remineralization/Tooth Repairs ﾿ 10

2.5 Role of saliva in dental caries ﾿ 10

2.5.1 Role of fermentable sugar and carbohydrates ﾿ 11

2.5.2 Cariogenic potential ﾿ 11 

2.5.3 Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries ﾿ 12

2.5.4 Gender differences in dental caries ﾿ 12

2.6 Pathogenesis ﾿ 13

2.6.1 Clinical Manifestation ﾿ 13

2.6.2 Microbiologic Diagnosis ﾿ 13

2.6.3 Prevention and Treatment ﾿ 15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Methods ﾿

3.1 Sources of Material ﾿ 16

3.2 Sample Collection ﾿ 16

3.3 Laboratory Analysis ﾿ 16

3.3.1 Preparation of culture media ﾿ 16

3.3.2 Culturing of Bacteria ﾿ 16

3.3.3 Identification of Isolates ﾿ 16

3.3.4 Isolation of Bacteria ﾿ 17

3.3.5 Biochemical tests ﾿ 17

3.3.6 Antibiotic susceptibility test ﾿ 27

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results and findings ﾿ 29

CHAPTER FIVE 

5.0 Disscussions, conclusion and Recommendations ﾿ 36

5.1 Conclusion ﾿ 37

5.2 Recommendation ﾿ 37

5.3 References ﾿ 41 ﾿