Microbiological And Physicochemical Characteristics Of Fish Pond Effluent In Michael Okpara University Of Agriculture, Umudike

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                                                                                i

Certification                                                                                                                            ii

Dedication                                                                                                                              iii

Acknowledgment                                                                                                                    iv

Table of content                                                                                                                      v

List of tables                                                                                                                           vi

Abstract                                                                                                                                   vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                                1

1.1       Importance of water                                                                                                    2

1.2       Significance of the Study                                                                                           3

1.4       Aim                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3

1.3       Objective of the study                                                                                                3

CHAPTER TWO

2.1       Literature review                                                                                                         4

2.2       Design and Construction of fish pond                                                                        6

2.2.1    General consideration of pond                                                                                   6

2.3       History of fish ponds in MOUAU, Abia State                                                           6

2.4       Fish pond and Microorganisms                                                                                   7

2.5       Faecal coliform in water                                                                                             8

CHAPTER THREE

3.1       Materials and methods                                                                                               10

3.2       Study area                                                                                                                   10

3.3       Collection of fish pond effluent                                                                                 10

3.4       Sterilization of materials and media preparation                                                       10

3.5       Microbiological characteristics                                                                                   10

3.5.1    Isolation of total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi                                                     10

3.4.2    Isolation and identification of microbes                                                                     11

3.4.3    Characterisation of Isolates                                                                                        11

3.4.3.1 Characterisation of fungi isolates                                                                               11

3.4.3.2 Characterisation of bacteria isolates                                                                           11

3.4.4    Identification of isolates                                                                                             12

3.5       Physicochemical Analysis of samples                                                                        12

3.5.1    Determination of Ph                                                                                                   12

3.5.2    Determination of Titratable Acidity (TTA)                                                                12

3.5.3    Measurement of temperature                                                                                      13

3.5.4    Determination of conductivity                                                                                   13

3.5.5    Determination of alkalinity                                                                                         13

3.5.6    Determination of turbidity                                                                                         13

3.5.7    Determination of total solids (TS) by Gravimetric method                                       13

3.5.8    Determination of total dissolved solids (TDS) by Gravimetric method                    14

3.6.9    Determination of Total suspended solids (TSS)                                                         14

3.6       Determination of dissolved oxygen                                                                            14

3.6.1    Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)                                           15

3.6.2    Determination of initial dissolved oxygen (DO₀)                                                      15

3.6.3    Determination of final dissolved oxygen (DO₁)                                                        16

3.6.4    Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)                                                16

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1Result                                                                                                                                 17

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1Discussion                                                                                                                          22

5.2 Conclusion                                                                                                                        26

5.3 Recommendation                                                                                                              26

Reference                                                                                                                                27

Appendix                                                                                                                                30