Evaluation Of Phytochemical, Antibacterial And Antioxidant Potentials Of Monodora Myristica (African Nutmeg)

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to identify the phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Monodora  myristica seed extract. Phytochemicals such as alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, phenol, arthracyanin and cyanogenal glycoside were detected on different extract of the seed such as water, methanol, ethanol and acetone and result indicated the presence of these phytochemicals in their right proportion except for acetone extract which did not indicate the presence of saponin. Antibacterial activity conducted on the various extracts of the seed such as; water, ethanol, methanol and acetone indicated inhibition. Bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Eschrichia coli were used as the test organisms. Methanol extract of Staphylococcus aureus  indicated the highest inhibition of 17.33mm, while water extract of eschrichia coli indicated the lowest inhibition of 8.66mm. the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the seed extract ranges from 100─200mg/ml. antioxidant assay was carried out using three methods; DDPH scavenging spectrophotometric method, chelating method and the ferric ion reducing activity. In the scavenging method, the percentage scarvenging antioxidant ranges from 37.68%─ 48.91%, while the chelating method ranges from 33.33%─44.72% and the reducing method ranges from 26.89%─46.06%. since the crude extract was able to inhibit the growth of organisms, this study validates the use of Monodora myristica in herbal medicine. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Table of contents ﾿ v

Lists of Tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿

CHAPTER ONE 

1.0 ﾿ Introduction  ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims ﾿                                                                                        3                                                                    

1.2      Objectives                                                                                            3

CHAPTER TWO  

2.0      Literature Review  ﾿ 5

2.1 ﾿ General descriptive of Monodra myristica  ﾿ 5

2.2 ﾿ Health benefit                    ﾿ ﾿ 7

2.3 ﾿ Phytochemical ﾿ 8

2.4      classes of phytochemical                                                                     8

2.5 ﾿ Antimicrobial ﾿           13

2.6 ﾿ Test organisms ﾿           14

2.7 ﾿ Antioxidant ﾿           17

CHAPTER THREE  

3.0 ﾿ Materials and Methods  ﾿ 18

3.1      Materials      ﾿                       18

3.2.1    ﾿ Methods ﾿                       18

3.2.2 ﾿ Phytochemical Screening ﾿ 18

3.2.3  ﾿ Phytochemical Determination ﾿ 21

3.2.4 ﾿ Antimicrobial Screening ﾿ 27

3.3 ﾿ Antimicrobial Testing ﾿ 29

3.4 ﾿ Determination of MIC ﾿ 29

3.5 ﾿ Antioxidant ﾿ ﾿ 30

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 31

CHAPTER FIVE 

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation ﾿ 42

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 42

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 44

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 45

References ﾿ 46

  ﾿ Appendices ﾿