Evaluation Of Growth And Yield Of High And Low Cyanide Cassava Cultivars Under Umudike Condition

ABSTRACT

Twenty five hitter (high cyanide) cassava varieties (TMS 96/0523, TMS 99/3073, TMS 96/1632. TMS 96/2226, TMS 97/4763, TMS 98/2101, TMS 99/2123, TMS 96/1569, TMS 97/0211, TMS 98/0581, TMS 97/4779, TMS 91/02324, TMS m98/0068 TMS 94/0039, TMS 96/1642, TMS 95/0379, TMS 96/0603, TMS 30572, TMS 92/0067, TMS 98/0002, TMS 95/0166, TMS 94/0026, TMS 94/0561, TMS 97/3200, TMS96/1317) and thirteen sweet (low cyanide) cassava varieties (TMS 97/4769, TMS 82/0058, TMS 4(2)1425, TMS 92/0326, TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0510, TMS m98/0028,TMS 92°/0068, TMS 92/0325, TMS 98/0040, TMS 99/6012, TME 419, TMS 98/0505) were evaluated for growth and yield in Umudike, southeastern Nigeria in 2004/2005 growing season. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Result showed that maximum and minimum air temperature for the experimental site were adequate 32°C and 22°C respectively for 2004 and 32°C and 25°C respectively, for 2005. The total rainfall for 2004 and 2005 were 1911.4 and 2064.8mm respectively and were enough for the cassava production. High cyanide cassava TMS 99/2123, TMS 98/058 1, TMS 97/4779 produced tallest plants while TMS 99/3073, TMS 95/0379, TMS 30572, TMS 92/0067, TMS 98/0002 and TMS 95/0 166 produced shortest plants. For ow cyanide cassava, TMS 97/6012 and TME 419 produced significantly (P<0.05) the tallest plants while TMS 97/0325 and TMS 4(2) 1425 gave shortest plants. Tuber yield in the high cyanide cassava was significantly higher in TMS 99/2123 than others except TMS 96/1642, TMS i1198/0068 and TMS 94/3200. The number of tubers per plant was significantly higher in TMS 96/1642, TMS '°98/0068 while tuber weight was markedly higher in TMS 94/0039 compared to other varieties. The number of tubers per plant and tuber yield did not statistically vary among the low cyanide cassava but TMS 98/0505 gave significantly higher tuber weight than the rest of low cyanide cassava cultivars.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ii

Certification iii

Declaration iv

Dedication v

Acknowledgement vi

Table of Content vii

List of Tables ix

Abstract x

Chapter 1

Introduction 1

Chapter 2

Literature Review 3

Chapter 3

3.0 Materials and Methods 7

3.1 Experimental Site 7

3.2 Soil Preparation 7

3.3 Field Layout 7

3.4 Planting and Field Maintenance 8

3.5 Agronomic Measurement 8

3.6 Statistical Analysis 9

Chapter 4

4.0 Results and Discussion 10

4.1 Soil and Weather Data 10

4.2 Crop Growth 10

4.3 Yield and Yield Components 14

4.4 Conclusion and Recommendation 18

References ------ 20