ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) among females of reproductive age in the University community. The overall prevalence of UTI recorded in this study was 41% out of 100 females whose urine samples were examined. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the second most frequent cause of UTI in young females with a prevalence of 26.8%. Other bacteria isolated include Escherichia coli (46.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4%), Klebsiella species (7.3%), Streptococcus species (7.3%) and Proteus species (4.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility of S. saprophyticus showed 63.6% sensitivity to cloxacillin, 54.5% sensitivity to erythromycin, gentamycin and augmentin. This study has shown that S.saprophyticus is an important uropathogen in adolescents and young adult females.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

List of Tables vi

Table of Contents vii

Abstract ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Information 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Scope of the Study 5

1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study 6

1.4 Research questions. 6

1.6 Significance of Study 7

1.7 Limitations of the Study 7

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature Review 8

2.2 Laboratory diagnosis. 9

2.3 Genome structure 10

2.4 Cell structure and metabolism 11

2.5 Application to Biotechnology 12

2.6 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 13

2.6.1 Pathogenesis 14

2.6.2 Signs and symptoms 17

2.6.3 Diagnosis 17

2.6.4 Treatment 20

2.7 Nonpharmacologic Therapies 22

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials 27

3.1.1 Specimen Collection 27

3.1.2 Bacteriological Examination 27

3.1.3 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test 27

3.2 Phenotypic Identification of Staphylococcus Spp. 28

3.3 Phenotypic Identification of Coagulase – Negative Staphylococci 29

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results 30

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Discussion 33

5.2 Summary 33

5.3 Conclusion 34

REFERENCES