ABSTRACT

Soil samples were collected from different location within Ubakala Abattoir, Umuahia and serially diluted followed by pour plate technique to screen for antibiotic producing colonies. The media used for the screening were nutrient agar, Tryptic soy agar, Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte deficient agar and DeMan, Rogosa and Sharpe agar. Antibiotic- sensitivity test was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar and the inhibitory effect of the isolated microorganism was found out by screening them against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, and Pseudomonas spp. Characterization was done by performing various biochemical tests and staining methods. The antibiotic producing bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus spp, Proteus spp and Micrococcus spp.  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgements iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables vi

Abstract vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives 2

1.2 Background of Study 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Soil 6

2.2 Soil Colour 6

2.3 Soil Types 7

2.4 Physiochemical parameters of soil 8

2.5 Soil Bacteria 10

2.6 Antibiotics 12

2.6.1 Antibiotic producing Bacteria 13

2.7 Classification of Antibiotics 14

2.8 Production of Antibiotics 15

2.9 Abattoir 16

2.9.1 Activities that occur in abattoirs 17

2.9.2 Abattoir Waste 18

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Collection and preparation of soil samples 19

3.2 Isolation of the microorganism 19

3.3 Identification of Bacteria 20

3.3.1 Gram staining 20

3.3.2 Spore staining 21

3.3.3 Motility test 21

3.4 Sub-culturing 21

3.5 Biochemical tests 21

3.6 Antibiotic sensitivity tests 23

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Discussion 32

5.2 Conclusion 34

REFERENCES

APPENDIX