ABSTRACT

Garcinia kola and Dennettia tripetala were examined for their antibacterial activity against clinical isolates (S. aureus and E.coli). The samples (Garcinia kola and (Dennettia tripetala) were examined using different solvents (water and ethanol) and Agar Well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the samples was also determined. The invitro antibacterial activity results showed that both the water and ethanol extract of the samples exhibited inhibitory activity against the test isolates. The ethanol extract of both Garcinia kola sample and Dennettia tripetala sample exhibited greater antibacterial activity that the water extracts of the samples. From the result of this study, Dennettia tripetala sample was more effective than the Garcinia kola sample ranging from 30mm at 200mg/ml to 18mm at 12.5mg/ml using ethanol , and 25mm at 200mg/ml to 12mm at 12.5mg/ml using water extract against S. aureus and 35mm at 200mg/ml to 20mm at 25mg/ml using ethanol extract, 30mm at 200mg/ml to 25mm at 100mg/ml using water extract against E.coli. The research findings showed that the traditional plant leaves used in this study exhibit varying degree of antibacterial activity

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of contents v

List of tables vii

Abstract viii

CHAPTER ONE

 1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Antimicrobials from phytomedicines 6

1.2 Present use of plants as antimicrobials 7

1.3 Aims and objectives 6

CHAPTER TWO

 2.0 Literature Review 8        

2.1 Garcinia kola (bitter kola) 8

 2.2 Dennetia tripetala (pepper fruit) 17  

CHAPTER THREE      

3.0 Materials and Methods 21     

3.1 Collection of plant materials 21

3.2 Sample collection 21

3.3 Media used 21

3.4 Sterilization 21

3.5 Identification of bacterial isolates 21

3.6 Agar well diffusion technique 22

3.6.1 Broth dilution technique 22

3.6.2 Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) 23

and minimum bactericidal concentration.

 3.7 Confirmatory test 23

3.7.1 gram staining 23

3.7.2 Catalase test 24

3.7.3 Coagulase test 24

3.7.4 Citrate test 24

3.7.5 Motility, indole, urease test (MIU) 25

3.7.6 Triple sugar iron test 25

3.7.7  Oxidase test 26

3.7.8 Determination of antibacterial activity 26

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result 27

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation 32

5.1 Discussion 32

5.2 Conclusion 33

5.3 Recommendation 33

References 34