ABSTRACT 

Soaps are the alkali metal salts of long chain monocarboxylic acids represented, for example, by sodium palmitate,H (CH2)14 COONa. Sodium is the common caution of hard soap and is combined with the carboxylic (fatty) acids from animal fats and vegetable oils, "The soluble soap has been known for many centuries, perhaps levy before any known civilization "(NWAKAMMA., F.U, 94)1 On the other hand, quite "in Familiar" is the Insoluble metallic soaps which are a group of water Insoluble compounds containing alkaline earth or heavy metal combined' with monobasic carboxylic acid of 7 to 22 carbon atomic. They can be represented by the general formula (RCOO)x M (neutral soap) where R' is an aliphatic or alicylic radical and 19, is a metal with valence x They differ from ordinary soap by composition and their Insolubility in water, Driers are the most Important group of metallic soaps. The property of the metal soap formed are determined by the nature'of the organic' acid, the type of the meal and its concentration, the presence of solvents and additives, and the method of manufacture." ( SHREEVES AND RANDOLDA, 77)2 As a result, an acidic, a basic or neutral soap could be formed depending on the  ratio of the acid equivalent to metal equivalent. Acid soaps contain free acid (positive acid number) whereas neutral soap (normal) contains no free acid (zero'' acid number). The basic soaps are characterized by a higher metal — to — acid equivalent ratio than the normal metal soap, 'The odour of the soap is determined by its organic constituents, stearates, laureates and palmitates are almost odour free. Maphthanates, Linoleates and tall oil soap have characteristic odour that are not objectionable, since they are used at low levels. Colour, another important property of metal soap, is determined by the type and amount of metal used the colour and quality of the organic raw materials, the methyl of manufacture and the care in processing.