ABSTRACT
Due to irregular power supply common in developing countries, as well as the growing high cost of hydrocarbon, the need arises for the development of a dual energy source oven that uses both electricity and gas for heating oven chambers. The oven was fabricated with the use of indigenous materials according to the conceptual design. The oven consist of a housing unit(frame), a thermometer, a gas regulator, a tray, an oven door, a perforated plate, a heating gas burner, an electric heating element, caster wheels/ rollers support. The housing unit which is the frame represents the entire outlook of the baking oven. The components make possible the use of alternative heat sources. In the heating chamber is an electric heating element that generates and dissipates heat within the enclosure. Cooking gas is supplied to the burner located in the lower chamber of the oven via pipe connection to the gas cylinder. Perforation allows for dissipation of unwanted gases within the chamber. COMSOL Multiphysics is used for simulation and for optimization of determined properties of raw state of unbaked cake flour, heating element. The performance test gave oven efficiency of 95.2 percent. The temperature of the entire system when considered in an ideal state as simulated by comsol performs better with gas as a heat source though slightly different from electric heater. For the temperature-varying density simulation, the temperature of the entire system and heating elements first decreases in temperature, then increases because density first rises with respect to time, then decreases with respect to time; therefore, the initial temperature drop of the system is due to the higher density, and the temperature rise is due to the decreasing density. The oven can be adapted for both domestic and industrial purposes and have been found very useful in bakery industries.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Dedication iii
Certification iv
Acknowledgments v
Table of
Contents vi
Abstract viii
CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION
1
1.0 Background of the study 1
1.1
Statement of problems 2
1.2
Objectives/ scope of study 3
1.3
Justification 3
CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE REVIEW
4
2.1
Overall concept 4
2.1.1
Local comparative analysis 5
2.1.2
Empirical model 6
2.2
Principle of operation of the oven 7
2.3 Importance of baking ovens 8
2.4
Heat transfer and work done by the oven 8
2.5
Basic laws governing heat transfer 9
2.6
Modes of heat transfer 10
2.7
Thermodynamic comsol analysis of the oven
10
CHAPTER
3: MATERIAL AND METHODS 11
3.1
Design concept 11
3.2 Material selections 11
3.2.1 Material quantity and cost
14
3.3 Design methodology 15
3.4
Design analysis 15
3.5.0
Energy requirement of the gas oven 16
3.5.1
Heat of formation of Carbon IV Oxide; 17
3.5.2
Electric energy requirement of the oven 18
3.5.3
Heating element rating power of electric heating element
18
3.6 Design concept of the oven 19
3.6.1 The part view of the oven
20
3.6.2
Autographic views of the oven
3.6.3 Section view showing the lagged parts of
the oven
22
3.6.4 The major components of the
oven 23
CHAPTER 4:
RESULTS
24
4.1.
Machine testing 24
4.2.
Operation of the oven 24
4.3 Comsol
result for oven 24
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 36
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2
Recommendation 36
REFERENCES 37
IKORO, I (2023). Design, Fabrication And Optimization Of A Dual Energy source oven.. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Oct 12, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/design-fabrication-and-optimization-of-a-dual-energy-source-oven-7-2
IKORO, IKORO. " Design, Fabrication And Optimization Of A Dual Energy source oven." Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 15 Aug. 2023, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/design-fabrication-and-optimization-of-a-dual-energy-source-oven-7-2. Accessed 12 Oct. 2024.
IKORO, IKORO. " Design, Fabrication And Optimization Of A Dual Energy source oven.". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 15 Aug. 2023. Web. 12 Oct. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/design-fabrication-and-optimization-of-a-dual-energy-source-oven-7-2 >.
IKORO, IKORO. " Design, Fabrication And Optimization Of A Dual Energy source oven." Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2023). Accessed 12 Oct. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/design-fabrication-and-optimization-of-a-dual-energy-source-oven-7-2