ABSTRACT

Prostate diseases affect the prostate gland and are common cause of morbidity in adult men globally. In the light of this, the effects of biochemical and immuno- hematological indices on prostatic patients were evaluated in a total of sixty (60) patients aged 40 – 80 years seen in Abia State University teaching hospital Aba. They were stratified into three groups: Group 1, 30 prostatitis patients, Group 2 were 20 BPH and group 3 were 10 prostate cancer patients. 50 were control subjects (40 -80 years) were made up of apparently healthy males. Blood samples were collected and the following parameters were evaluated red blood cell lipid profiles (total – cholesterol, LDL –C, HDL –C, TAG –C, Phospholipids, antioxidants(uric acid, SOD, GP_X, total and conjugated bilirubin, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase, trace elements(copper, iron, lead, manganese, zinc, selenium) hematological profile (hemoglobin, PCV,WBC- total and differentials, RBC, platelets, MCH, MCV, MCHC, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, bleeding time, clotting time), immunological markers (troponins, LDH, CPK, TNF, interleukin, globulin, alpha – macroglobulin, antitrypsin), anthropometric markers( height, weight, body mass index) and blood sugar. Results showed that t–cholesterol, LDL –C, TAG –C, phospholipids of prostatic patients increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control subjects whereas HDL – C of prostatic patients decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control subjects.  Zinc and Selenium levels of prostatic patients were significantly reduced compared to control subjects. Iron and lead levels showed no significant difference in prostatic patients compared to control patients (p>0.05). Manganese levels was significantly increased in BPH patients compared to control subjects while manganese levels of prostatitis and prostate cancer (PC) patients showed no significant reduction compared to control subjects. Copper levels of prostatic patients reduced significantly compared to control subjects. HB, PCV, WBC-total and differentials, lymphocytes, granulocytes, MCHC showed no significant difference compared to control subjects whereas RBC, platelets MCV, bleeding and clotting time levels of prostatic patients showed significant reduction compared to control subjects. Uric acid levels of prostatitis patients increased significantly compared to control subjects whereas there was no significant increase in BPH and prostatic cancer patients when compared to control subjects. SOD, GP_X and XOD oxidase levels of prostatic patients showed significant reduction compared with control subjects. Total and conjugated – bilirubin and NADPH oxidase levels of prostatic patients showed no significant difference when compared to control subjects. Globulin, alpha- macroglobulin, antitrypsin showed significant increase compared to control subjects. FSH and LH levels showed significant reduction compared to control subjects while there was significant increase in testosterone of prostatic patients compared to control subjects. PSA levels in prostatic patients showed significant increase compared to control subjects. Troponin, LDH, and CPK levels increased significantly compared to control subjects. Ht, Wt, BMI and blood sugar levels of prostatic patients showed no significant difference compared to control subjects. We therefore conclude that these changes may be important in pathogenesis of prostate diseases and uric acid levels  appears to be a key player in inflammation and emerging biochemical marker for diagnosis of prostatic diseases.

Keywords:  Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Prostate cancer, prostatitis.