ABSTRACT
The proximate
composition; nutritional potential; bioactive phytochemical components;
antioxidant capacity; antimicrobial properties and toxic potential of different
parts of grape plant Cissus multistnata were investigated using chemical,
biochemical and toxicological methods, and water .methanol ,and chloroform as
the extraction solvents. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis
revealed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, vitamins , fats , tannins and
flavonoids at mean concentrations of 0.71+0.08 to 1.2+0.06%, 18.77+0.05 to
21.30+0.60%,27.53+1.10 to 32.6311.95%,18.00+1.73 to 34.3310.58%,0.24+0.00 to
0.34+0.01%, 0.35+0.01 to 6.2010.56%, respectively. Saponins, steroids, cardiac
glycosides, minerals as well as g'yeonutrients such as xylose, galactose,
fucose, mannose and glucose were also detected. Assessment of the nutritional
potential of the plant leaf by administering doses of 100, 200, 300, 400. 500
and 600 mg/kg body weight to albino rats for 21 days resulted in statistically
significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight .The lipoprotein profiles decreased with increase in the dosage>
of
the extract, except for high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol)
which increased with increasing dosage of the extract. The protein profiles and
glucose level were also increased when compared with the control. Determination
of the phenols and the polyphenolic contents of the extracts showed varied
concentrations of these compounds. 0.3810.01 to 0.564+0.00%, 0.2410.00 to
0.3810.013%, 0.3510.01 to 6.200 10.557% and 0.0510.01 to 0.8910.02 for phenols,
tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins respectively. The determination of the
antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract using
2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as nitric oxide radical scavenging
activities and activities of antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase and
^peroxide dtsmutase) showed the unripe fruit as exhibiting the highest DPPH
scavenging effect with IC^o O.fe^nR/ml in comparison with the standard
quercetin used (lCso= 166.50 pg/ml) .The anti lipid per oxidative properties
and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of the plant extracts were also
positive . In addition, the unripe fruit showed the highest nitric oxide
radical scavenging activity (ICso =0.77pg/ml) when vitamin C was used as the
standard. Administration of the plant extract together with carbon
tetrachloride toxicant resulted in an increase in activities of the antioxidant
enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase from 113.56 ±11.840 to
588.84+47.59 (U/L) and 18+16.97 to 88+16.97 (U/ml), respectively. Antimicrobial
growth activity of each of the methanol, chloroform and aqueous leaf extract on
eight clinical bacterial and two fungal isolates as determined by the tube
dilution and agar ditch diffusion methods, showed that the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of both methanol and chloroform extracts ranged between
25mg/ml and lOOmg/ml, depending on the clinical isolate and the extracting
solvent. The chloroform extract showed the greater antibacterial activity while
methanol extract exhibited a higher antifungal activity. Toxicity evaluation of
the plant extracts was also investigated using different animal models.
Cytotoxicity to brine shrimps (Artemia salina ) of the aqueous and chloroform
extracts of the leaf, stem, ripe and unripe fruit caused low toxic effect on
brine shrimps(Artem/o salina) and in rats as indicated in the standard assays,
liver and kidney function test, LDSO measurement and hematological profiles.
Study on the membrane stabilizing capacity of the plant extract also showed
that methanol extracts exhibited minimum and maximum percentage of membrane
stability of 43.43+0.69 and 66.52±0.99% on human erythrocyte. The highest
membrane stabilizing activity was observed in the unripe fruit extract with
percentage stability of 66.52±0.995. The human erythrocyte membrane stabilizing
activity of the methanol extract was found to be comparable to the
standard anti-inflammatory drug (Indomethacin) and most effective using the
unripe fruit extract. The results suggest that C/ssus multistriota is a
valuable source of antimicrobial agents and potentially rich source of
important bioactive compounds. The study also indicates that Cissus
multistr/ata can be a safe dietary source of natural antioxidant and nutrients.
These results are discussed from the nutritional and toxicological view points
OMALE, J (2024). Chemical, Biochemical And Toxicological Studies On Cissus Multistriata (Vitaceae) Plant:- Omale James. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Nov 21, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-biochemical-and-toxicological-studies-on-cissus-multistriata-vitaceae-plant-omale-james-7-2
JAMES, OMALE. "Chemical, Biochemical And Toxicological Studies On Cissus Multistriata (Vitaceae) Plant:- Omale James" Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 13 May. 2024, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-biochemical-and-toxicological-studies-on-cissus-multistriata-vitaceae-plant-omale-james-7-2. Accessed 21 Nov. 2024.
JAMES, OMALE. "Chemical, Biochemical And Toxicological Studies On Cissus Multistriata (Vitaceae) Plant:- Omale James". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 13 May. 2024. Web. 21 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-biochemical-and-toxicological-studies-on-cissus-multistriata-vitaceae-plant-omale-james-7-2 >.
JAMES, OMALE. "Chemical, Biochemical And Toxicological Studies On Cissus Multistriata (Vitaceae) Plant:- Omale James" Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2024). Accessed 21 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-biochemical-and-toxicological-studies-on-cissus-multistriata-vitaceae-plant-omale-james-7-2