Bacterial Contamination Of Different Poultry Feeds In Umuahia Metropolis.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to isolate of
microorganisms associated with different poultry feeds in
Umuahia Metropolis. A
total of thirty-six (36) feed samples were collected from different feed types
(starter, grower, finisher and layers feed) and five (5) different organisms were isolated which include; Salmonella sp 13(33.3), Staphylococcus aureus 10(25.6%), Bacillus spp 7(17.9%), Proteus sp 4(10.3) and Escherichia coli 5(12.8%). Salmonella sp was the most frequently
isolated organism as it has the highest percentage of occurrence, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (25.6%), Bacillus sp (17.9%), Escherichia coli (12.8%) and Proteus sp (10.3%). The viable
counts of samples tested indicated that feed samples from rainbow feed were
mostly loaded with bacteria (8.7x106 cfu/g of feed, in average),
followed by samples from vital feed (5.9 x106 cfu/g of feed, in
average) and the least loaded were those from top feeds (5.0 x106
cfu/g of feed, in average). Sensitivity
test was carried out and most of the isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin
(30µg), followed by gentamicin (10µg), imipinem (25µg), Nitrofurantoin (30µg)
and resistant to Augmentin (30µg), Cefexime (30µg), cefotaxime (30µg) and
Cefuroxime (30µg). From the result of this study, it is necessary to
evaluate a feed safety by bacteriological examination of imported poultry feed
to ensure safety and quality of feed to prevent poultry diseases and great
economic losses.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
S/N |
TITLE |
PAGE3 |
|
1 |
Title Page |
I |
|
2 |
Certification |
Ii |
|
3 |
Dedication |
Iii |
|
4 |
Acknowledgement |
Iv |
|
5 |
Table of Contents |
v |
|
6 |
List of Tables |
vii |
|
7 |
Abstract |
viii |
|
|
CHAPTER ONE |
|
|
2.0 |
Literature Review |
4 |
|
2.1 |
Bacterial Contamination
of Imported Poultry Feed In Iraq |
4 |
|
2.2 |
Salmonella Prevalence in the Poultry
Feed Industry in Pakistan |
5 |
|
2.3 |
Isolation
and Identification of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella From Poultry Litter and
Feed |
6 |
|
2.4 |
Bacteria Contaminating Poultry Feeds |
7 |
|
2.4.1 |
Salmonella |
9 |
|
2.4.2 |
Salmonella contamination of poultry
feed |
10 |
|
2.4.3 |
Escherichia coli |
11 |
|
2.4.4 |
Klebsiella species |
11 |
|
2.4.5 |
Proteus species |
11 |
|
2.4.6 |
Hafnia alvei |
12 |
|
2.4.7 |
Bacillus species |
12 |
|
2.4.7.1 |
Bacillus megaterium |
12 |
|
2.4.7.2 |
Bacillus mycoides |
13 |
|
2.4.7.3 |
Bacillus lentus |
13 |
|
2.4.8 |
Staphylococcus species |
13 |
|
2.4.8.1 |
Staphylococcus aureus |
13 |
|
2.9 |
Streptococcus species |
14 |
|
2.9.1 |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
14 |
|
2.5 |
Sources of contamination |
14 |
|
2.5.1 |
Ingredient contamination |
14 |
|
2.5.2 |
Storage (temperature and humidity) |
15 |
|
2.5.3 |
Handling and transportation |
15 |
|
3.0 3.1 |
CHAPTER THREE Materials and Methods Materials |
16 16 |
|
3.1.1 |
Collection of Samples |
16 |
|
3.1.2 |
Methods |
16 |
|
3.2 |
Sterilization of
Materials |
16 |
|
3.2.1 |
Culture Media Preparation |
16 |
|
3.2.2 |
Inoculation and
Isolation |
16 |
|
3.2.3 |
Colony Counts of Isolated Microorganisms |
17 |
|
3.2.4 |
Purification of Isolates |
17 |
|
3.2.5 |
Identification of the
Isolates |
17 |
|
3.2.6 |
Gram Staining |
18 |
|
3.2.7 |
Biochemical Test |
18 |
|
3.2.7.1 |
Catalase Test |
18 |
|
3.2.7.2 |
Indole Test |
18 |
|
3.2.7.3 |
Citrate Utilization Test |
19 |
|
3.2.7.4 |
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
Production Test |
19 |
|
3.2.7.5 |
Starch Hydrolysis |
19 |
|
3.2.7.6 |
Motility, Indole, Urease
(MIU) |
20 |
|
3.2.7.7 |
Coagulase Test |
20 |
|
3.2.7.8 |
Oxidase Test |
21 |
|
3.2.8 |
Antibiotic
Susceptibility Testing |
21 |
|
|
CHAPTER FOUR |
|
|
4.0 |
Result |
22 |
|
|
CHAPTER FIVE |
|
|
5.0 |
Discussion, Conclusion
and Recommendation |
27 |
|
5.1 |
Discussion |
27 |
|
5.2 |
Conclusion |
29 |
|
5.3 |
Recommendation |
29 |
|
References |
30 |
0.0
ANYANWU, A (2021). Bacterial Contamination Of Different Poultry Feeds In Umuahia Metropolis.. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Oct 19, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacterial-contamination-of-different-poultry-feeds-in-umuahia-metropolis-7-2
ANYANWU, ANYANWU. "Bacterial Contamination Of Different Poultry Feeds In Umuahia Metropolis." Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 08 Jan. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacterial-contamination-of-different-poultry-feeds-in-umuahia-metropolis-7-2. Accessed 19 Oct. 2024.
ANYANWU, ANYANWU. "Bacterial Contamination Of Different Poultry Feeds In Umuahia Metropolis.". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 08 Jan. 2021. Web. 19 Oct. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacterial-contamination-of-different-poultry-feeds-in-umuahia-metropolis-7-2 >.
ANYANWU, ANYANWU. "Bacterial Contamination Of Different Poultry Feeds In Umuahia Metropolis." Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2021). Accessed 19 Oct. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacterial-contamination-of-different-poultry-feeds-in-umuahia-metropolis-7-2