ABSTRACT

Bacterial isolates from wounds and their antibiotic profiles were investigated. The wound specimens were cultured on different media such as Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar for isolation of the bacteria associated with the wounds. The isolates were identified following different biochemical test such as catalase, coagulase, oxidase. A total of 45 bacteria were isolated from the wound specimen. The isolates include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonest pathogen (31.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (24.4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.3%), Proteus species (13.3%), Streptococcus species (11.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.7%). Most isolates showed high susceptibility to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin and rifampicin while amoxil and norfloxacin, chloramphenicol recorded high resistance to the isolates. Despite the rapid improvement in medical care, wound infection still represent a serious problem for patients, with many bacteria developed difference degrees of resistance to most known antibiotics. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                                                                                i          

Certification                                                                                                                            ii

Dedication                                                                                                                              iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                                                iv

Table of Contents                                                                                                                   v

List of Tables                                                                                                                          vii

Abstract                                                                                                                                   viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0              INTRODUCTION                                                                                                    1

1.1              Aim and Objectives                                                                                                    2

1.2              Significance                                                                                                                2

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Causes and Types of Wound Infections                                                                     5

2.1.1    Surgical Wound Infection                                                                                          6

2.1.2    Acute Soft Tissue Infections                                                                                      8

2.1.3    Bite Wound Infections                                                                                                8

2.1.4    Burn and Infections                                                                                                    9

2.1.5    Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infections                                                                                   9

2.1.6    Leg and Decubitus (Pressure) Ulcer Infections                                                          10

2.2       Bacterial Species Present in Wound                                                                           10

2.2       Diagnosis of Wound Sepsis                                                                                        11

2.3       Management of Wound Sepsis                                                                                   11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1       Sample Collections                                                                                                     14

3.2       Media Preparation                                                                                                      14

3.3       Isolation Methods                                                                                                       14

3.4       Characterization and Identification of Bacterial Isolates                                           15

3.4.1    Gram Staining Technique                                                                                           15

3.4.2    Motility Test                                                                                                               16

3.4.3    Biochemical Test                                                                                                        16

3.4.3.1 Catalase Test                                                                                                               16

3.4.3.2 Citrate Test                                                                                                                 16

3.4.3.3 Coagulase Test                                                                                                            17

3.4.3.4 Indole Test                                                                                                                  18

3.4.3.5 Oxidase Test                                                                                                               18

3.4.3.6 Methyl-Red Test                                                                                                         19

3.4.3.7 Voges-Proskaver Test                                                                                                 19

3.5       Antibiotic Sensitivity Test                                                                                          20

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21                                                                         21

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   26

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  27

5.3       Recommendation                                                                                                        28

            References