ABSTRACT 

This study was carried out to evaluate the types and prevalence of bacteria causing Urinary tract infection(UTI) among male students in the University. A total of 65 randomly selected  male students of Michael Okpara University who participated in this project work. Diagnosis of UTI was made by urinalysis and urine culture. Identification of the isolates was carried out by microscopy and culture including biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disc diffusion technique. In Gram negative bacteria, the predominant isolate was the Escherichia coli (40.9%) followed by  Klebsiella spp. (9.1%) and Proteus spp. (9.1%)  In Gram positive bacteria the main organism identified was Staphylococcus aureus (36.4%) followed by Streptococcus spp. (4.5%). Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs.Among the tested antibiotics, the highest susceptibility for the bacteria was shown by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin while the highest resistance for the bacteria was shown by Augmentin, Nalidixic acid,Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole(Septrin), Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. In order to decrease resistance to antibiotics, the use of antibiotics should be kept under supervision and should be given in appropriate doses for an appropriate period of time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page. i

Certification.                                                                                                          ii 

Dedication.                                                                                                          iii 

Acknowledgements.                                                                                                  iv

Table of Contents.                                                                                                    v

List of Tables.                                                                                                            vi

Abstract.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.                                                                                           

1.1 Introduction.                                                                                                      1

1.2 Aim and Objectives.                                                                                        4

1.3 Research Hypothesis.                                                                                          5

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW.                                                                                 

2.1 Literature review.                                                                                                6

2.2 Epidemiology of UTI.                                                                                          9

2.3 Pathogenesis of UTI. 10

2.4 Causes of UTI. 11

CHAPTER THREE:  MATERIALS AND METHODS.

3.1 Collection of Samples. 13

3.2 Microscopic Examination. 13

3.3 Culture. 13

3.4 Gram Staining. 14

3.5 Biochemical testing. 14

3.5.1 Catalase test. 15

3.5.2 Coagulase test. 15

3.5.3 Oxidase test. 16

3.5.4 TSI test. 16

3.5.5 SIM (Hydrogen sulphide,Indole and Motility) test. 16

3.5.6 Citrate test. 17

3.5.7 Urease test. 17

3.6 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 18

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 19

CHAPTER FIVE :DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.

5.1 Discussion. 25

5.2 Conclusion. 27

5.3 Recommendation. 28

REFERENCES. 

APPENDIX