ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to evaluate the types and prevalence of bacteria causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among male students in different hostel in the University. A total number of 55 randomly selected male students of MOUAU participated in this research. Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was made by Microscopic examination ,Culture, and Gram staining. Antibiotics susceptibility tests were done by disc diffusion technique. Among gram negative bacteria, the predominant isolates were the Escherichia coli 5(50%), Klebsiella pneumonia 2(20%) and proteus spp. 2(20%), while in Gram positive the main organism identified was Streptococcus spp. 1(10%). Escherichia coli were the most common cause of UTIs. Most of the bacteria tested were susceptible to the quinolones, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, while resistance was observed with Augmentin, and streptomycin. It will be appropriate to carry out culture and invitro sensitivity for isolates from UTI, so as to guide appropriate prescription.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page.                                                                                                                   i

Certification.                                                                                                               ii

Dedication.                                                                                                                 Iii

Acknowledgements.                                                                                                   Iv

Table of contents.                                                                                                       V

List of table.                                                                                                                Vii

Abstract.                                                                                                                     viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.

1.1 Introduction.                                                                                                         1

1.2 Aim and Objectives.                                                                                             3

1.3 Research Hypothesis.                                                                                           4

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW.

2.1 Literature review.                                                                                                  5

2.2 Epidemiology of UTI.                                                                                          8

2.3 Pathogenesis of UTI.                                                                                            9

2.4 Signs and symptoms                                                                                             9

2.5 Causes of UTI.                                                                                                      9

2.6 Diagnosis.                                                                                                             10

2.7 Prevention.                                                                                                            10

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS.

3.1 Materials and methods.                                                                                        12

3.2 Study population.                                                                                                  12

3.3 Collection of urine specimen.                                                                               12

3.4 Microscopic Examination.                                                                                    12

3.5 Culture.                                                                                                                 13

3.6 Gram staining.                                                                                                       13

3.7 Biochemical test.                                                                                                  14

3.7.1 Catalase test.                                                                                                      14

3.7.2 Coagulase test.                                                                                                   14

3.7.3 Oxidase test.                                                                                                      15

3.7.4 TSI.                                                                                                                    15

3.7.5 SIM.                                                                                                                   16

3.7.6 Citrate test.                                                                                                        16

3.7.7 Urease test.                                                                                                        17

3.8 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing.                                                                     18

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

4.1 Results.                                                                                                                 19

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.

5.1 Discussion.                                                                                                                        24

5.2 Conclusion.                                                                                                                       26

5.3 Recommendation.                                                                                                             27

  REFFERENCES