Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Toilet Door Handles in Student Hostels In Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.:- Amos Vivian Chioma
ABSTRACT
Public
and private restrooms may contain a variety of dangerous bacteria, including
from genus Escherichia, Salmonella, rotavirus, cold virus
and Staphylococcus Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
and Streptococcus (Hooper, 2001; Peleg and Hooper, 2010; Hooper et al., 2010; Flores et al., 2011; Adewoyin et al., 2013). They get in the restrooms
via human excreta (urine and faces) (Viraraghavan et al., 2007). Improper use of the toilets, inadequate cleanliness
of the toilets facilitates can transmit bacteria from the toilets to the
household living rooms. Contaminated hands of toilet users can transmit the
bacteria from their hands to the flushing handles, door handles and faucets of
the toilets as well as household door handles and equipment. Toilet seats and
lids, the surrounding floors, and the nearby surfaces can be contaminated by
toilet flush aerosols which are produced in substantial quantities during
flushing (Barker and Jones, 2005). The ability of the pathogen deposited to
survive on the different surfaces in the toilets poses a great risk of
infection to the toilet users (Boone and Gerba, 2007). The time of survival
depends on the type of pathogen, majority including Shigella species, Escherichia
species, Clostridium species, severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) coronavirus, and norovirus which can survive on surfaces for weeks or
even months (Kramer et al. 2006).
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AMOS, C (2025). Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Toilet Door Handles in Student Hostels In Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.:- Amos Vivian Chioma. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Mar 09, 2025, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/assessment-of-bacterial-contamination-of-toilet-door-handles-in-student-hostels-in-michael-okpara-university-of-agriculture-umudike-abia-state-amos-vivian-chioma-7-2
CHIOMA, AMOS. "Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Toilet Door Handles in Student Hostels In Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.:- Amos Vivian Chioma" Repository.mouau.edu.ng. Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 05 Mar. 2025, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/assessment-of-bacterial-contamination-of-toilet-door-handles-in-student-hostels-in-michael-okpara-university-of-agriculture-umudike-abia-state-amos-vivian-chioma-7-2. Accessed 09 Mar. 2025.
CHIOMA, AMOS. "Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Toilet Door Handles in Student Hostels In Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.:- Amos Vivian Chioma". Repository.mouau.edu.ng, Repository.mouau.edu.ng, 05 Mar. 2025. Web. 09 Mar. 2025. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/assessment-of-bacterial-contamination-of-toilet-door-handles-in-student-hostels-in-michael-okpara-university-of-agriculture-umudike-abia-state-amos-vivian-chioma-7-2 >.
CHIOMA, AMOS. "Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Toilet Door Handles in Student Hostels In Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.:- Amos Vivian Chioma" Repository.mouau.edu.ng (2025). Accessed 09 Mar. 2025. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/assessment-of-bacterial-contamination-of-toilet-door-handles-in-student-hostels-in-michael-okpara-university-of-agriculture-umudike-abia-state-amos-vivian-chioma-7-2