ABSTRACT

Fifty (50) poultry intestinal fluid samples were collected from Ubani market in Umuahia. The intestinal fluid samples were subjected to laboratory analysis to isolate the Salmonella spp. Out of the 50 samples collected, Salmonella species were isolated in 38(76%) of the samples.The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates were determined using  Kirby –Bauer disc diffusion method. The result revealed that 17(44.7%) isolates were sensitive to gentamicin followed by ofloxacin with 9(23.7%) sensitive isolates, 6(13.8%) isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, none of the isolates was sensitive to erythromycin. The 38(100%) isolates were resistant to augumentin, cloxacillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidine and as such did not produce any zone of inhibition. High levels of resistance to antibiotics that are used commonly in the poultry can be a warning to health and this information must be used to form important strategies for improvement of infection control. 

Title page i

Certification

Dedication iii

Acknowledgements iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables

List of figure

Abstract x

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Aims and objectives 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 4

2.1 Salmonella 4

2.2 Pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. 6

2.3 Epidemiology of  salmonella spp. 8

2.4 Mode of transmission 10

2.5 Antimicrobial resistance 11

2.6 Mechanism of action of antibiotics 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods 15

3.1 Sample collection 15

3.2 Sterility of materials 15

3.3 Media used

3.4 Isolation 16

3.4.1 Serial dilution

3.4.2 Innoculation

3.4.3 Incubation   

3.4.4 Sub-culturing and purification 16

3.5 Identification and characterization of salmonella 16

3.5.1 Motility test

3.5.2 Gram staining

3.6 Biochemical tests 18

3.6.1 Catalase test

3.6.2 Coagulase test

3.6.3 Oxidase test

3.6.4 Indole test (using kovac’s reagent) 18

3.7 Susceptibility testing 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results 20

CHAPTER  FIVE

5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation 25

5.1 Discussion 25

5.2 Conclusion 26

5.3 Recommendation 26

References 27

Appendixes 

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1: Prevalence of Salmonella isolates in poultry intestinal fluid in Umuahia 21

2: Zone of inhibition of the various antimicrobial agent against

 Salmonella isolates from poultry intestinal fluid in Umuahia. 22

3: Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolate. 24

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1: Percentage of antibiotic sensitivity percentage effectiveness 

of Salmonella isolate to different antimicrobial agent. 23