ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to investigate the diuretic activity of A maranthus hybriclus in experimental albino rats. The preliminary phytochemical investigations were carried out to identify the various chemical constituents present in the ethanol extract. It was found that the extract contain alkaloid, slavonoid, saponin tannins, phenols, hydrocyanic acid and physic. Acute toxicity study of plant extract was determined and LD50was found to be 707. 1 mg/kg. Doses of 1000,500,250,125,62.5 and3 1 .25mg/kg of the extract was administered intraperitoncally, furosemide(40mg/kg) was used as positive control in diuretic and Aspirin(l0Omg/kg) was also used as positive control in anti-inflammatory drug. The extract exhibited a significant increase in urine volume and the electrolyte at different concentration of 1000mg to 3 1 .25mg. At 1000mg and 500mg concentration(2.55 ± 0.07 and 2.15 ± 0.07)respectively are exhibited a significant difference(P< 0.07). This extract exhibit an increase in sodium(Na excreted at higher doses from 1000mg to 250mg (136.50 ± 0.07, to 119.00 ± 1.41), The potassium (K ) level is decreases as the doses decreased from 1000mg to 250mg (17.50 ± 0.71 to 14.50 ± 0.71) and chloride concentration of the extract increases as the concentration also increased from 1000mg/kg to 250mg/kg (89.50 ± 0.71, to 112.50 ± 0.71) they are exhibited significant difference (P<0.05). Therefore, there was no significant difference between the treated group of biocarbonatic (HCO 3) at concentration of 1 000mg (25.00± 0.000)(P> 0.07) .The average inflammation on the hind paw decreased as the time intervals increased from 30mins to 180rnins, which shows 5.75 ± 0.35 to 3.55 ± 0.35, there was a significant anti-inflammatory activity (P<0.05) exhibited at a various doses of the extract. The % inflammation on hind paw of rats decreased as the time interval increased from 838 ± 0.35 to 05.1 ± 0.35 (P<0.05). There was increase in % inflammation as dose decreased down in concentration (P<0.05), there was a significant difference. However, the % inhibition of inflammation increases as the time intervals increased from 16.6 ± 0.35 to 34.8± 0.36, in all the doses of extract and also exhibited significant difference (P<0.05). This study has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Ainaranthus hybridus in reducing of inflammation and induced diuretic in albino rats and this may be due to the present of fiavonoids and tannins in the plant.