STUDY OF AQUATIC MICROBIAL DIVERSITY BASED ON DIFFERENTIATION AND STRUCTURAL STAINING

ABSTRACT

The microbial diversity of aquatic organisms based on differentiation and structural staining was investigated. Samples of aquatic organisms were collected from three different aquatic environments which are Ogutalake, Onu- Imo river and Olokorostream in UmuahiaAbia State. A total of three (3) samples, each of the sample was collected in a sterile bottle amounting to 0.75cl and were randomly sampled and cultured on Nutrient agar, Mannitol Salt, MacConkey agar, Salmonella- Shigella agar. Results indicated a high prevalence of Staphylococcus, Shigellaetc.The bacterial isolated from three aquatic sources includesStaphylococcus, Escherichia coil, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Bacillus. The Result of this study showed high counts with diversmicroflora which might be of public health importance. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iv

Abstracts ﾿ v

Table of Contents ﾿ vi

List of Tables ﾿ vii

Chapter One

1.0 ﾿ Introduction: ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and Objectives ﾿ 3

Chapter Two

2.0 ﾿ Literature Review    ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ Types of Aquatic Diversity ﾿ 4

2.2.1 ﾿ Marine Aquatic Diversity: ﾿ 4

2.2.2 ﾿ Marine Bacterial Diversity: ﾿ 4

2.2.3 ﾿ Marine Division: Ecosystem Division:  ﾿ 5

2.3 ﾿ Mangrove Ecosystem: ﾿ 5

2.3.1 ﾿ Microorganisms found in Mangrove Ecosystem ﾿ 5

2.4 ﾿ Coral Reefs:        ﾿ 6

2.4.1 ﾿ Microorganisms found in Coral Reefs Ecosystem ﾿ 6

2.5 ﾿ Deep Sea    ﾿ 6

2.5.1 ﾿ Microorganisms found in Deep Sea Ecosystem ﾿ 7

2.6 ﾿ Extreme Environments:- ﾿ 7

2.7 ﾿ Marine Actinomycetes – a Boundary Microorganism ﾿ 8

2.7.1 ﾿ Marine Actinomycetes as a Source of Antibiotics  ﾿ 8

2.7.2 ﾿ Role of Marine Actinomycetes in Marine Environment:    ﾿ 9

2.8 ﾿ Freshwater Aquatic Diversity ﾿ 9

2.8.1 ﾿ Three Basic Types of Freshwater Ecosystem: ﾿ 9

2.8.2 ﾿ Lentic Ecosystem (ponds)  ﾿ 9

2.8.3 ﾿ Lakes ﾿ 10

2.9 ﾿ Freshwater Wetlands ﾿ 11

2.9.1 ﾿ Streams    ﾿ 11

2.9.2 ﾿ Microorganisms found in Freshwater Habitat and the likely Diseases Caused ﾿ 13

2.9.3 ﾿ Pseudomonas aeruginosa:  ﾿ 13

2.9.4 ﾿ Aeromonas: ﾿ 14

2.9.5 ﾿ Legionella ﾿ 14

2.9.6 ﾿ Mycobacterium arium complex (mac) ﾿ 14

2.9.7 ﾿ Helicobacter pylori ﾿ 15

2.10 ﾿ Diseases Caused by Aquatic Microorganisms ﾿ 15

2.10.1 ﾿ Giardia Lambia ﾿ 15

2.10.2 ﾿ Cryptosporidium ﾿ 16

2.10.3 ﾿ Hepatitis A:        ﾿ 16

2.10.4 ﾿ Helminthes:        ﾿ 16

2.10.5 ﾿ Cholera:    ﾿ 17

2.10.6 ﾿ Typhoid Fever:    ﾿ 17

Chapter Three

3.0 ﾿ Materials and Methods ﾿ 18

3.1 ﾿ The Study Area: ﾿ 18

3.2 ﾿ Collection of Samples: ﾿ 18

3.3. ﾿ Isolation of Organisms from Three Aquatic Environment namely 

Stream, Lake and River ﾿ 19

3.4 ﾿ Methodology used in Staining Procedures ﾿ 20

3.4.2 ﾿ Endspore Staining ﾿ 20

3.4.3 ﾿ Flagella Staining ﾿ 21

3.5 ﾿ Determination of Groups of Isolates Basedon Differentiation Techniques ﾿ 21

3.6 ﾿ Determination of Groups of Isolates Based on Structural Techniques. ﾿ 22

Chapter Four  

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 23

Chapter Five  

5.1 ﾿ Discussion: ﾿ 29

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion: ﾿ 29

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation: ﾿ 30

Reference

Appendix