PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN-SENSITIVE Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM THE NOSTRILS OF STUDENTS OF MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITYOF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state was investigated. Out of 85 samples cultured 80 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identified which were made up of 45 males, and 35 females. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Agar disk diffusion method. Multiple disk containing 8 antibiotics, Cloxacillin, Ofloxacin, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidine, Cefuroxime, Augmentin, and Ceftriazone was used. There was moderately high sensitivity of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates to Cloxacillin which had 38 (47.5%) which was represented as methicillin. Staphylococcus aureus that was also sensitive to other antibiotics; Ofloxacin 21 (26.25%), Ceftazidine 25 (31.25%), Ceftriazone 5 (6.25%), Cefuroxime 22 (27.5%), Gentamicin 21 (26.25%), Augmentin 23 (28.75%), and Erythromycin 6 (7.5%). From this study, with the percentage susceptibility of Cloxacillin being 38 (47.5%), it can be said that there is a moderate prevalence of methicillin sensitive among students of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike in Abia State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and objectives ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature Review ﾿ 4

2.1 ﾿ The Organism Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 5

2.2 ﾿ General Characteristics ﾿ 5

2.3 ﾿ Pathogenicity/Toxicity ﾿ 5

2.4 ﾿ Mode of Transmission ﾿ 6

2.5 ﾿ Mode of Reproduction ﾿ 7

2.6 ﾿ Virulence factors ﾿ 7

2.7 ﾿ Role of Staphylococcus aureus in causing disease ﾿ 9

2.8 ﾿ Antibiotic resistance and sensitivity ﾿ 10 ﾿

2.9 ﾿ Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) ﾿ 10

2.10 ﾿ Prevention and Control of MSSA ﾿ 11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and Method ﾿ 13

3.1 ﾿ Study Area ﾿ 13 ﾿

3.2 ﾿ Study Design ﾿ 13

3.3 ﾿ Sample Collection ﾿ 13

3.4 ﾿ Sterilization of Materials ﾿ 13

3.5 ﾿ Preparation of Culture Media ﾿ 13

3.6 ﾿ Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 14

3.7 ﾿ Gram Staining ﾿ 14

3.8 ﾿ Biochemical Tests ﾿ 15

3.9 ﾿ Preparation of Turbidity Standard Equivalent to 

Mc Farland Standard (0.5) ﾿ 16

3.10 ﾿ Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ﾿ 16

3.11 ﾿ Measurement of Zone Of Inhibition ﾿ 16 ﾿

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 17

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 23

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 24

5.3 ﾿ recommendation ﾿ 24

References