PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONGST STUDENTS OF MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE

ABSTRACT

This work was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection amongst students of Michael Okpara University Of Agriculture, Umudike and the sensitivity pattern of the isolates from urine. Using Aseptic technique, midstream urine were collected from sixty (60) students, urinalysis was carried out on the urine samples and was then cultured on CLED and MacConkey agar using pour plate method. Growth was observed in 26 (87%) of the sample while there was no growth in 4 (13%) of the sample. Out of the 26 (87%) samples with growth, 14 (47%) had significant bacteria growth while 12 (40%) had no significant growth. Incidence of Asymptomatic bacteriuria was higher in females 8 (57%) than males 6 (38%). The organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella specie, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus specie, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and all resistance to Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cloxacillin. The Gram negative isolates were mostly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin and Ofloxacin. Therefore, these drugs could be considered as the first line of drug for the treatment of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vii

List of Figures ﾿ viii

Abstract ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE ﾿

1.1 Introduction ﾿ 1

1.2 Objectives of Study ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review ﾿ 4

2.1 Urinary Tract Infection ﾿ 4

2.2 Epidemiology Of Urinary Tract Infection ﾿ 5

2.3 Microorganisms Found In Urine And Their Aetiology ﾿ 6

2.3.1 Bacteria ﾿ 6

2.3.2 Viruses ﾿ 6

2.3.3 Fungi ﾿ 7

2.3.4 Protozoa ﾿ 7

2.4 Clinical Manifestation Of Urinary Tract Infections ﾿ 8

2.4.1 Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ﾿ 8

2.4.2 Cystitis ﾿ 8

2.4.3 Acute Pyelonephritis ﾿ 9

2.5 Symptoms Of UTI ﾿ 9

2.6 Routes Of Infection ﾿ 9

2.7 Prevention And Control ﾿ 10

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials And Methods ﾿ 12

3.1 Study Site ﾿ 12

3.2 Sample Collection ﾿ 12

3.2.1 Inclusion Criteria ﾿ 12

3.2.2 Exclusion Criteria ﾿ 12

3.3 Processing Of Samples ﾿ 13

3.3.1 Urinalysis ﾿ 13

3.3.2 Urine Microscopy ﾿ 13

3.3.3 Culturing Of Urine Samples ﾿ 13

3.4 Morphological And Biochemical Identification Of The Isolates ﾿ 14

3.4.1 Gram Staining ﾿ 14

3.4.2 Coagulase Test ﾿ 15

3.4.3 Catalase Test ﾿ 16

3.4.4 Urease Test ﾿ 17

3.4.5 Indole Test ﾿ 17

3.4.6 Motility Test ﾿ 18

3.4.7 Citrate Utilization Test ﾿ 18

3.4.8 Methyl Red Test ﾿ 19

3.4.9 Voges Proskaeur Test ﾿ 20

3.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ﾿ 21

CHAPTER FOUR

Result

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Discussion ﾿ 30

5.2 Conclusion ﾿ 32

5.3 Recommendation ﾿ 32

References

Appendix ﾿

LIST OF TABLES

 Table ﾿        Title ﾿                   Page

  1.                    Age and  gender association with UTI                                      24

  2.                    Incidence of insignificant bacteriuria among the students            25

  3.                    Characterization and identification of isolates                            26

  4.                    Frequency of occurrence of bacterial isolates from the 

                         Urine samples                                                                        27

  5(a)                 Susceptibility pattern of the isolates using Gram positive

                         Antibiotic disc                                                                       28

  5(b)                 Susceptibility pattern of the isolates using Gram negative

                         Antibiotic disc                                                                       29