Microbial Evaluation Of Raw Milk From Dairy Farm

ABSTRACT

Milk is an important source of nutrient to humans and animals. It is meant to be the first and the only food for the offspring of mammals as it is capable to serve as food. This study evaluated the microbial quality of raw milk from dairy farm. About three raw milk samples were collected from Fulani cattle settlement, Umuahia, Abia State. The samples were analyzed using the microbiological techniques for isolation and identification of isolates.  The microbial load of the samples ranged from 8.2x105 CFU/ml to 6.0 x 105 CFU/ml. About five (5) bacterial genera were isolated which comprised of 3 (25%) Lactobacillus spp., 3 (25%) Listeria spp., 3 (25%) Salmonella spp., 2 (16.7%) Proteus spp. And 1 (8.3%) The presence of bacteria responsible for intoxication such as Staphylococcus aureus may be a public health problem if no precaution is taken against this contamination.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iv

Table of contents ﾿ v

List of tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1 ﾿

1.1 ﾿ Aims and objectives of the study ﾿ 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature review ﾿ 6

2.1 ﾿ Definition and composition of milk ﾿ 6

2.2 ﾿ General overview of milk production and safety in a dairy farm ﾿ 6

2.3 ﾿ Source of microbial contamination of milk ﾿ 7

2.4 ﾿ Milkborne infections and pathogenic micro-organisms ﾿ 8

2.5 ﾿ Hygiene, handling and microbial evaluation of raw milk ﾿ 8

2.6 ﾿ Prevention and control of microbial contamination of milk ﾿ 9

2.7 ﾿ Antimicrobial residues, bacterial resistance and their effects 

﾿ to animals and humans ﾿ 9

2.8 ﾿ Milk-borne infections and pathogenic microorganisms ﾿ 11

2.9 ﾿ Nigerian policy on food hygiene and safety ﾿ 13

2.9.1 ﾿ National legislations ﾿ 13

2.10 ﾿ Dairy development in Nigeria ﾿ 14

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and methods ﾿ 16

3.1 ﾿ Study area and sample collection  ﾿ 16

3.2 ﾿ Sampling of milk/size ﾿ 16

3.3 ﾿ Milk sample handling ﾿ 16

3.4 ﾿ Media preparation ﾿ 16

3.5 ﾿ Inoculation and incubation of the sample ﾿ 17

3.6 ﾿ Identification and characterization of isolates ﾿ 17

3.6.1 ﾿ Gram staining technique ﾿ 17

3.7 ﾿ Biochemical tests ﾿ 18

3.7.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 18

3.7.2 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿ 18

3.7.3 ﾿ Indole test ﾿ 18

3.7.4 ﾿ Citrate utilization test ﾿ 19

3.7.5 ﾿ Motility test ﾿ 19

3.7.6 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 24

5.1 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 25

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 26

REFERENCES