Management Techniques And Principals’ Administrative Effectiveness In South East Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The study investigated management techniques and Principals administrative effectiveness in South East Nigeria. This study was guided by nine specific objectives, nine research questions and nine null hypotheses which was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was a correlational research design. The accessible population of the study was 1, 430 principals which comprises 732 male principals and 698 female principals.  A sample size for the study was 303 principals which comprises of 156 male principal and 147 female principals. The sample for the study employed the multi-stage sampling technique precisely stratified-simple random sampling techniques. The instruments employed for data collection was structured questionnaires titled: titled: Management Techniques Questionnaire (MTQ), Principals Administrative Effectiveness Questionnaire (PAEQ). The instrument was validated by three experts, two from Educational Management and one from Measurement and Evaluation in College of Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The reliability of the instruments MTQ and PAEQ was established through a pilot testing for internal consistency and test re-test for stability of the instrument. The data collected were correlated using Pearson`s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and the value reliability indices are r = 0.85 and r=.79 respectively for the two instruments. Internal consistency of the instruments were also determined using Cronbach Alpha coefficient reliability test which yielded reliability index of 0.85 and 79 respectively. Three hundred and three copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents through 3 research assistants and copies of the questionnaire were retrieved from the respondents giving 100% retrieval rate. The data collected through the administration of the instruments were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to answer research questions and Linear Regression was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.  The results revealed that there was a high extent of correlation between Management By Objective (MBO) and principals administrative effectiveness. It implies that Management By Objective to a high extent determined principals administrative effectiveness in secondary schools and there is significant relationship between Management By Objective and principals administrative effectiveness. That there was a high extent of correlation between Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) and principals’ administrative effectiveness. It implies that Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques to a high extents determined principals’ administrative effectiveness in secondary schools and there is a significant relationship between Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques and principals administrative effectiveness. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that state government should appoint capable and qualified persons as principals in order to implement management techniques for administrative effectiveness.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                                                    i

Declaration                                                                                                                  ii

Certification                                                                                                                iii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iv

Acknowledgments                                                                                                      v

Table of Contents                                                                                                       vii                                                                          

List of Tables                                                                                                              x

Abstract                                                                                                                      xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION                                                                          1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                               1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                               12

1.3       Purpose of the Study                                                                                      13

1.4       Research Questions                                                                                         14

1.5       Hypotheses                                                                                                     15

1.6       Significance of the Study                                                                               16

1.7       Scope of the Study                                                                                         18

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE                                              19

2.1       Conceptual Framework­                                                                                   19

2.1.1    Management                                                                                                   19

2.1.2    Management techniques                                                                                 21

2.1.3    Management by objective (MBO)                                                                  37

2.1.4    Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)                                         43

2.1.5    Planning, programming and budgeting system (PPBS)                                  53

2.1.6    Delphi technique (DT)                                                                                    55

2.1.7    Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats SWOT analysis                 63

2.1.8    Management by results (MBR),                                                                      71

2.1.9    Management by projects                                                                                 79

2.1.10 Management by exception                                                                              81

2.1.11 Management by budget                                                                                  83

2.1.8    Principalship                                                                                                    88

2.1.9    Administration                                                                                                89

2.1.10 Principals administrative effectiveness                                                           90

2.2       Theoretical Framework                                                                                   93

2.2.1    Systems theory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy in (1920)                                  93

2.2.2    Human relations theory by Mary Packer Follet (1868-1933)             94

2.2.3    Administrative theory by Henry Fayol (1989)                                               94

2.3       Empirical Studies                                                                                            95

2.4       Summary of Related Literature                                                                      113

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY                                                                          116

3.1       Design of the Study                                                                                        116

3.2       Area of the Study                                                                                           117

3.3       Population of the Study                                                                                  118

3.4       Sample and Sampling Techniques                                                                  118

3.5       Instruments for Data Collection                                                                     119

3.6       Validation of the Instruments                                                                                     119

3.7       Reliability of the Instruments                                                                                     120

3.8       Method of Data Collection                                                                             120

3.9       Method of Data Analysis                                                                               120

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                                                    122

4.1        Results                                                                                                            122

4.2     Summary of Findings                                                                139

4.3       Discussion of Findings                                                                                   143

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 149

5.1       Summary of the Study                                                                                    149

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      152

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          154

5.4       Educational Implications of the Study                                                           155

5.5       Limitations of the Study                                                                                 157

5.6       Suggestions for Further Study                                                                        157

            References                                                                                         

Appendices                                                                                                    

LIST OF TABLES

4.1:      Pearson correlation of management by objective (MBO) and principals

administrative effectiveness                                                                           122

4.2:      Simple linear regression analysis for the MBO and principals

 administrative effectiveness                                                                          123

4.3:      Pearson correlation of programme evaluation and review

techniques (PERT) relate to principals administrative effectiveness 124

4.4:      Simple linear regression analysis for significant relationship between

 pert and principals administrative effectiveness                                            125

4.5:      Pearson correlation for planning, programming and budgeting system

(PPBS) and principals administrative effectiveness                                       126

4.6:      Simple linear regression analysis for the significant relationship between

PPBS and principals administrative effectiveness                                          127

4.7:      Pearson correlation for the delphi technique (DT) determine principals

 administrative effectiveness                                                                          127

4.8:      Simple linear regression analysis for the delphi technique and principals

 administrative effectiveness                                                                          129

4.9:      Pearson correlation for the strengths weaknesses opportunities and

threat analysis (SWOT) determine principals administrative effectiveness    130

4.10:    Simple linear regression analysis for the SWOT analysis and principals

administrative effectiveness                                                                           131

4.11:    Pearson correlation of management by results (MBR) and principals

 administrative effectiveness                                                                          132

4.12:    Simple linear regression analysis of management by results (MBR)

and principals administrative effectiveness                                                    133

4.13:    Pearson correlation on management by project (MBP) and principals

 administrative effectiveness                                                                          134

4.14:    Simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between

            management by project (MBP) and principals administrative

            effectiveness                                                                                                   135

4.15:    Pearson correlation on extent management by exception (MBE) and

principals administrative effectiveness                                                           136

4.16:    Simple linear regression analysis for the extent of relationship between

management by exception (MBE) and principals administrative

effectiveness                                                                                                   137

4.15:    Pearson correlation on extent management by budget (MBB) determines

principals administrative effectiveness                                                           138

4.16:    Simple linear regression analysis for the extent of relationship between

management by budget (MBB) and principals administrative

effectiveness                                                                                                   139