Isolation, Identification And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Of bacteria From Poultry Farm In Umudike

ABSTRACT\

Bacteria present in the poultry environment could enter the flock and produce disease. One of the serious problems is that poultry farms if not properly and regularly cleaned serves as a nutritional source for the growth of several pathogenic bacteria and thereby causes disease outbreaks. A total number of 50 samples were collected from two poultry farms in Umudike. The sources were from the birds and the environment, which were processed in the Medical laboratory by standard methods. Seven isolates were observed which are E. coli, Coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS), Proteus spp., Klebseilla spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and S. aureus while E. coli had the highest frequency. This study was undertaken to identify the bacteria isolated from poultry and its environment and to check their antibiotics sensitivity pattern. Antibiotics sensitivity pattern revealed that chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, augmentin, tarivid and rocephin were effective on the isolates, erythromycin was also sensitive to S. aureus, CNS, and Streptococcus spp.

TABLE OF CONTENT 

Cover page

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iv

Table of content ﾿ v

List of table ﾿ ix

Abstract ﾿ x

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and objectives ﾿ 3

1.2 ﾿ Scope of study ﾿ 3

1.3 ﾿ Statements of problems ﾿ 3

1.4 ﾿ Significance of the study ﾿ 4

CHAPTER TWO ﾿

2.0 ﾿ Literature review ﾿ 5

2.1 ﾿ Poultry and its environment ﾿ 5

2.1.1  ﾿ Issues at the level of production and processing unit ﾿ 6

2.1.1.1 ﾿ Local disturbances ﾿ 6

2.1.1.2 ﾿ Poultry carcass ﾿ 8

2.1.2 ﾿ Poultry manure ﾿ 9

2.1.2.1 ﾿ Nutrients ﾿ 9

2.1.2.2 ﾿ Heavy metals ﾿ 9

2.1.2.3 ﾿ Drug resistance ﾿ 10

2.1.2.4 ﾿ Pathogens ﾿ 10

2.1.3 ﾿ Environmental issues ﾿ 11

2.2 ﾿ Bacterial pathogens associated with birds and poultry farms ﾿ 11

2.2.1. ﾿ Enteropathogens ﾿ 12

2.2.2. ﾿ Non-Enteropathogens ﾿ 15

2.3. ﾿ Susceptibility of birds to bacterial infection ﾿ 20

2.4 ﾿ Zoonotic diseases from poultry and birds ﾿ 23

2.5 ﾿ Management of poultry farms for reduction of zoonotics ﾿ 29

and foodborne illnesses

2.5.1 ﾿ Farm management ﾿ 29

2.5.2. ﾿ Animal waste management ﾿ 31

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and methods ﾿ 33

3.1 ﾿ Study area ﾿ 33

3.2 ﾿ Sample collection ﾿ 33

3.3 ﾿ Media and materials used ﾿ 33

3.4 ﾿ Microbiological analysis ﾿ 34

3.4.1 ﾿ Inoculation of samples ﾿ 34

3.4.2 ﾿ Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates ﾿ 34

3.5 ﾿ Gram staining ﾿ 34

3.6 ﾿ Antibiotics sensitivity test ﾿ 35

3.6.1 ﾿ Disk diffusion method ﾿ 35

3.7 ﾿ Biochemical identification of the isolates ﾿ 35

3.7.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 35

3.7.2 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 36

3.7.3 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿ 36

3.7.4 ﾿ Indole test ﾿ 36

3.7.5 ﾿ Citrate utilization test ﾿ 37

3.7.6 ﾿ Urease test ﾿ 37

3.7.7 ﾿ The MRVP test: methyl red/Vogesprokaurtest ﾿ 37

3.7.8 ﾿ Sugar fermentation test ﾿ 38

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 39

4.1 ﾿ Results ﾿ 39

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation ﾿ 46

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 46

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 47

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 48

References ﾿ 49