Evaluation Of Microbial Contamination Of Hair Barbing Equipment In Umuahia

ABSTRACT

This work was aimed at evaluating microbial contamination on tool used in hair barbing saloons. Hundred and twelve (112) samples were collected from different locations using a moistened swab sticks and processed according to standard procedures. Results showed bacteria load of hair barbing equipment in Umuahia in all the samples ranges from 9.67x105cfu/ml to 1.00x105. Bacteria load in Umudike in all the samples ranges from 9.67x105cfu/ml to 1.00x105cfu/ml. Fungi load in Umuahia ranges from 8.67x104cfu/ml to 1.33x104cfu/ml. Umudike fungi load ranges from 9.00x104cfu/ml to 1.33x104cfu/ml respectively. The percentage occurrence of bacterial isolated were Staphylococcus specie (80.3%), Bacillus species (73.77%), Streptococcus species (66.63%), Micrococcus species (45.23%), Escherichia coli (29.18%). Four fungi were isolated; they include Yeast (70.21%), Aspergillus species (51.80%), Microsporum specie (42.25%), Trichophyton species (33.42%). This microorganism are involved in a number of diseases in barbing saloons and it is recommended that personal services of public health and environments should be strictly controlled.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Table of contents ﾿ v

List of tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿       Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and objectives ﾿ 2

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature Review ﾿ 3

2.1 ﾿ Tinea ﾿ 5

2.1.1 ﾿ Tinea Capitis ﾿ 6

 2.1.2 ﾿ Tinea pedis or athlete's foot ﾿ 8

2.1.3 ﾿ Tinea cruris ﾿ 9

2.1.4 ﾿ Tinea unguium ﾿ 9

2.1.5 ﾿ Tinea barbae ﾿ 10

2.1.6 ﾿ Tinea faciei ﾿ 10

2.1.7 ﾿ Tinea incognito ﾿ 11

2.1.8 ﾿ Tinea nigra ﾿ 11

2.2 ﾿ Treatment of Dermatophytosis ﾿ 12

2.2.1 ﾿ Polyenes ﾿ 12

2.2.2 ﾿ Natamycin ﾿ 12

2.2.3 ﾿ Amphotericin B ﾿ 12

2.2.4 ﾿ Ketoconazole ﾿ 13

2.2.5 ﾿ Traconazole ﾿ 13

2.2.6 ﾿ Polyhexamethylene biguanide ﾿ 13

2.2.7 ﾿ Silver sulfadiazine ﾿ 13

2.3 ﾿ Natural remedies to fight dermatogens ﾿ 14

2.4 ﾿ Use of keratinase to tackle dermatogens ﾿ 15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials of methods ﾿ 17

3.1 ﾿ Collection of samples ﾿ 17

3.2 ﾿ Media preparation ﾿ 17

3.3 ﾿ Isolation and Identification of bacteria ﾿ 17

3.4 ﾿ Identification of bacterial isolates ﾿ 18

3.4.1 ﾿ Gram stain ﾿ 18

3.4.2 ﾿ Flagella stain ﾿ 19

3.4.3 ﾿ Spore stain ﾿ 19

3.5 ﾿ Lactophenol cotton blue stain ﾿ 19

3.6 ﾿ Subculturing of isolates ﾿ 20

3.7 ﾿ Biochemical tests ﾿ 20

3.7.1 ﾿ Catalase Test ﾿ 20

3.7.2 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿ 21

3.7.3 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 21

3.7.4 ﾿ Urease Test ﾿ 21

3.7.5 ﾿ Indole Test ﾿ 22

3.7.6 ﾿ Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Test ﾿ 22

3.7.7 ﾿ Citrate Utilization Test  ﾿ 22

3.8 ﾿ Sugar fermentation tests ﾿ 23

3.9 ﾿ Determination of prevalence ﾿ 23

3.10 ﾿ Statistical analysis ﾿ 23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 24

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, recommendation and conclusion ﾿ 36

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 36

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 39

5.3 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 39

References ﾿ 40