Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development
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ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of tax evasion and avoidance on economic development ofNigeria.Descriptive andsurveyresearchdesignwasemployedfor the study. Theprimary sources of data were adopted for the study through questionnaires andoralinterviews.Thepopulation ofthestudywassixty-one (61) andarealsamplesizeofforty-five (45).Statisticaltoolssuchastables,percentages, and simple regression model were used in theanalyses of data and testing of hypotheses. Thestudyrevealedthattaxavoidanceandtaxevasionhasnosignificant effectsonincometaxadministration inNigeria,at5%levelofsignificant; Other findings include, thereisnosignificant effectoftaxavoidance andtaxevasionon income tax administration in Nigeria Tax avoidance and tax evasion has a significant effectontheexpected taxrevenue inNigeria andthatTheeffectoftax avoidance and tax evasion is significant on tax rates in Nigeria. The study recommends among otherthingsthat; Government shouldreduce taxrates,since hightaxrateleadstotaxavoidance andevasion, further, moreskilledpersonnel shouldbeappointed tohandle thetaxadministration ofNigeria, asthisalsowill minimizetaxavoidanceandtaxevasion.
TABLE OFCONTENTS
Titlepage ﾿
Declaration ﾿ 11
Certification ﾿ 111
Dedication ﾿ iv
Acknowledgement ﾿ v
Listoftables ﾿ IX
Abstract ﾿ x
CHAPTERONE:INTRODUCTION ﾿
1.1 BackgroundtotheStudy ﾿ l
1.2StatementoftheProblem ﾿ 2
1.3Objectives oftheStudy ﾿ 3
1.4ResearchQuestions ﾿ 3
1.5Statementofhypothesis ﾿ 3
1.6Scopeofthestudy ﾿ 4
1.7 Significance oftheStudy ﾿ 4
1.8Limitationofthestudy ﾿ 5
1.8.1Money ﾿ 5
1.8.2 sourceofinformation ﾿ 5
1.8.3Inadequate recordkeeping ﾿ 5
1.8.4Time ﾿ 5
1.9Definitionofterms ﾿ 5
CHAPTERTWO:REVIEWOFRELATED LITERATURE ﾿
2.1ConceptualFramework ﾿ 8
2.1.1MeaningofTaxation ﾿ 8
2.1.2DefinitionofTaxation ﾿ 9
2.l.3Principles ofTaxation ﾿ 9
2.1.3.1Equity ﾿ 9
2.1.3.2Certainty ﾿ 10
2.l.3.3Convenience ﾿ 10
2.1.3.4Economy ﾿ 10
2.1.4CannonsofTaxation ﾿ 10
2.1.4.1Simplicity ﾿ 10
2.1.4.2 Elasticity ﾿ 10
2.1.4.3Productivity ﾿ 1 I
2.1.4.4Impartiality ﾿ 11
2.1.4.5Neutrality ﾿ 11
2.l.5Impact,Incidence andTaxable Capacity ﾿ 11
2.1.5.1TheImpactofTax 1 I
2.1.5.2TheIncidence ofTax11
2.1.6TypesofTaxSystem 12
2.1.6.1Progressive TaxSystem 12
2.1.6.2Regressive TaxSystem12
2.1.6.3ProportionalTaxSystem 12
2.1.7 Kinds ofTaxes
2.1.7.l DirectTax ﾿ 12
2.1.7.I.I ﾿ Advantages ofDirect Taxation ﾿ 12
2.l.7.1.2 ﾿ DisadvantagesofDirectTaxation ﾿ 13
2.l.7.2 ﾿ Indirect Tax ﾿ 13
2,1.7.2.l ﾿ Advantages ofIndirect Taxation ﾿ 13
2.1.7.2.2 ﾿ Disadvantages oflndirect Taxation ﾿ 13
2.1.8HistoricaloriginofTax inNigeria 14
2.1.9 Ta ﾿ xAdministrationinNigeria ﾿ 14
2.1.9.1 ﾿ AttheFederalLevel ﾿ 14
2.1.9.2 ﾿ AttheStateLevel ﾿ 15
2.1.9.3 ﾿ AttheLocalGovernmentLevel ﾿ 15
2.1.lO ﾿ TaxLegislationinNigeria ﾿ 15
2.1.10.1 ﾿ CapitalTransfer act1979 ﾿ 16
2.1.10.2 ﾿ StampDuties Ordinance 1958 ﾿ 16
2.1.10.3 ﾿ IndustrialDevelopment (incometaxrelief) decree 19 ﾿ 16
2.1.10.4 ﾿ TheIncomeTax(ArmedForcesandOtherPersons)(Special ﾿ Provision) ﾿
﾿ Decree 1972 ﾿ 16
2.1.10.5 ﾿ Finance MiscellaneousTaxationDecree 1985 ﾿ 16
2.1.11 ﾿ ReasonsforImpositionofTax ﾿ 17
2.1.12 ﾿ FunctionofTaxation ﾿ 18
2.l.12.I ﾿ ResourceRe-allocation ﾿ 18
2.1.12.2 ﾿ Revenue ﾿ 19
2.1.12.3 ﾿ IncomeRedistribution ﾿ 19
2.1.13 ﾿ EffectsofTaxation ﾿ 19
2.1.13.1 ﾿ IncentivetoInvest ﾿ 19
2.1.13.2 ﾿ InflationandTaxation ﾿ 20
2.1.13.3 ﾿ Incentives Works ﾿ 20
2.1.13.4 ItReducesProduction20
2.l.13.5ItWillAlter Demand Supply20
2.1.13.6CausesScarcityofGoods 20
2.1.14TaxAvoidance andEvasion20
2.1.14.1TaxAvoidance 21
2.1.14.2TaxEvasion21
2.1.15 CausesofTaxEvasionandTaxAvoidance inNigeria 22
2.1.15.1 TheAbsenceofa"QuidProQuo" 22
2.1.15.2Inequitable DistributionofAmenities22
2.1.15.3Misuse orMismanagement ofCollections made 22
2.1.15.4Remoteness ofTaxpayers fromtheGovernment 22
2.1.15.5NoPunishment forEvaders 23
2.1.16 EffectsofTaxandAvoidance onTheEconomy/Government Revenue inNigeria23
2.1.17MethodofTaxAvoidance andEvasion24
2.1.18MeasurestoCurbTaxEvasion24
2.1.19DifferencesbetweenTaxEvasionandTaxAvoidance 25
2.2TheoreticalFramework26
2.2.1TheCostofService Theory 26
2.2.2 ﾿ TheoryofTaxation ﾿ 26
2.2.3 ﾿ Ability-to-Pay Theory ﾿ 26
2.2.4 ﾿ Proportionate Theory ﾿ 27
2.2.5 ﾿ TaxEconomyTheory ﾿ 27
2.2.6 ﾿ BenefitTheory ﾿ 29
2.2.6.1 ﾿ Connection betweentheBenefits ﾿ Conferred ﾿ 29
2.2.6.2 ﾿ Expenditure Incurred ﾿ 29
2.3 ﾿ EmpiricalReview ﾿ 29
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1ResearchDesign 33
3.2 PopulationofStudy33
3.3 Samplingprocedure andSample Size Determination 34
3.4 MethodofDataCollection 35
3.5Validityandreliabilitytest 36
3.5.1Reliability test 36
3.5.2Validitytest36
3..6 Methodofdataanalysis36
3.6.1ModelSpecification37
3.7 Decisionrule 38
CHAPTERFOUR: DATAPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS ANDDISCUSSION
4.1 DataPresentation39
4.2 Dataanalysis40
4.2.1Analysis ofbiodata42
4.2.2Analysis ofresearchquestions 46
4.3 Testofhypothesis 52
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OFFINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
5.1SummaryofFindings56
5.2Conclusion57
5.3Recommendations58
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APA
GIFT, U. (2021). Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from http://repository.mouau.edu.ng/works/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2
MLA
GIFT, USUWACHIAMAKA. "Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development." Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, 15 Feb. 2021, http://repository.mouau.edu.ng/works/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2. Accessed June 7, 2026.
Chicago
GIFT, USUWACHIAMAKA. "Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development." Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (2021). Accessed June 7, 2026. http://repository.mouau.edu.ng/works/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2