Development And Performance Analysis Of Forced Vortex Apparatus

ABSTRACT

Vortices are the major component of turbulent flow; the phenomenon is ubiquitous. The quest to study the phenomenon however is being limited by the lack of laboratory equipment to enhance the study. Vortex apparatus enables students and researchers to produce both free and forced vortices and measure the vortex surface profile. Studying natural phenomena such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and whirlpools (free vortices) requires a full understanding of vortex behaviour. The vortex apparatus when manufactured locally will ensure that it is readily available in a most Nigerian university, hence promoting the knowledge and application of vortex and vortex shedding. The apparatus consists of the Hydraulic bench, cylinder vessels, valves, pipes, push-in orifice, impeller, and electric pump. While the material used was water source able from around the environment.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           i

Declaration      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iii

Certification    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iv

Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           v

Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           vi

Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           vii

Table of Content         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           viii

List of Tables  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xi

List of Figures -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xii

CHAPTER ONE:     INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background of Study………………………………………………………………………………...……………………1

1.2              Statement of Problem………………………………………………………………………………...……………………2

1.3              Aims and Objective………………………………………………………………………………...……………………...3

1.4              Scope of Study………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………….3

1.5              Justification………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………….3

CHAPTER TWO:    LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Vortex ………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………….4

2.2       Types of Vortex Flow………………………………………………………………………………...…….…………………6

2.3       Vortex Apparatus………………………………………………………………………………...……………….…………………7

2.4       Theoretical Considerations……………………………………………………………………………...……………………8

2.5       Empirical Literature Review………………………………………………………………………………...………………11

2.6       Gap in Literature……………………………………………………………………………...………………………………….17

CHAPTER THREE:                        MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………19

3.2       Design Methodology and Analysis of the Vortex Apparatus            ………………………………………19

3.3       Description/Experimental Procedure of the Vortex Apparatus……………………………………20

3.3.1    Determination of Measurement Techniques…………………………………………………………………21

3.3.2    Experimental Procedure for Free Vortex………………………………………………………………………23

3.3.3    Experimental Procedure for Forced Vortex…………………………………………………………………24

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1       Result Analysis………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………26

4.2       Effect of Orifice Sizes            ………………………………………………………………………………...……………………26

4.3       Effect of The Orifice Settings            ………………………………………………………………………………...…………28

4.4       Effect of The Forced Vortex Equipment at Minimum and Maximum Speed of Water Flow………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………………………………...30

4.5       Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) ……………………………………………33

CHAPTER FIVE:    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………34

5.1.1    Contribution to Knowledge………………………………………………………………………………...…………34

5.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………...……………………….34

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………….35

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Vortex diameter formed with respect to orifice size for free vortex         -           -23

Table 4.2: Vortex diameter formed with respect to orifice size for force vortex       -           -24

Table 4.3: Resultant effect of orifice angle of inclination to the cylinder for free vortex      -25

Table 4.4: Resultant effect of orifice angle of inclination to the cylinder for force vortex    -26

Table 4.5: Experimental and Analytical Results Showing the Performance of the Forced

Vortex Equipment at Minimum          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -27

Table 4.6: Experimental and Analytical Results Showing the Performance of the Forced

Vortex Equipment at Maximum         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -27

 

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1: Parabolic Head developed in a Forced Vortex           -           -           -           -           -7

Figure. 3.1: Isometric view of the vortex apparatus   -           -           -           -           -           -17

Figure 3.2: dimensioned view of the assembled machine      -           -           -           -           -17

Fig. 4.1: Effect of orifice size to the diameter of the vortex using free vortex apparatus      -24

Fig. 4.2: Effect of orifice size to the diameter of the vortex using force vortex apparatus    -25

Fig. 4.3: Experimental and Analytical Results Showing the Performance of the Forced

Vortex Equipment at Minimum          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           28

Fig. 4.4: Experimental and Analytical Results Showing the Performance of the Forced

at Maximum    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -29