Detection Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Poultry, Pig And Fish Farms In Michael Okpara University Of Agriculture, Umudke

ABSTRACT

The detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in poultry, fish and pig farm droppings were studied. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 3 sources including; fish pond, poultry droppings and pig dropping  in 3 weekly tranches which made a total of 15 samples. 3 Staphylococcus species were identified by biochemical methods; which include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus with gross occurance of 96.3%, 66.7% and 40.7% respectively. Test for the isolates resistant to methicillin shows that Staphylococcus aureus proved the highest number of resistant strains and had the highest percentage of 42.31%,  Staphylococcus epidermidis had 22.22% while Staphylococcus epidermidis had 22.22% while Staphylococcus saprophyticus had 27.27%. It was observed that the incidence of MRSA was high on the whole and thus has potentials of health risks. The need for improvement of personal and environmental hygiene in the poultry, piggery and fish farms is recommended.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction ﾿ 1

1.2 ﾿ Background of the Study ﾿ 3

1.2 Aim of the study ﾿ 3

1.3 Objectives of the Study ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review ﾿ 4

2.1 ﾿ Historical Background of Methicilin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ Epidemiology of MRSA ﾿ 5

2.3 ﾿ Livestock Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) ﾿ 6

2.4 ﾿ History of MRSA infection in animals ﾿ 7

2.5 ﾿ Prevalence of MRSA in the animal kingdom ﾿ 8

2.6 ﾿ MRSA infection in companion animals ﾿ 10

2.6.1 ﾿ MRSA infection in horses ﾿ 11

2.6.2 ﾿ MRSA infection in cattle ﾿ 12

2.6.3 ﾿ MRSA infection in pigs ﾿ 12

2.6.4 ﾿ MRSA contamination of meat products ﾿ 12

2.7 ﾿ PVL-producing MRSA strains in animals ﾿ 13

2.8 ﾿ Transmission of MRSA between livestock and owners/attendants ﾿ 14

2.9 ﾿ MRSA carriage by veterinary and medical personnel ﾿ 15

2.10 ﾿ MRSA carriage among agricultural personnel ﾿ 16

2.11 Pitfalls in detection of MRSA in animals ﾿ 16

2.12  Management of MRSA in animals ﾿ 18

2.13 ﾿ Treatment of MRSA infection in animals ﾿ 19

2.14 ﾿ MRSA decolonization of animals and owners ﾿ 19

2.15 Decolonization of companion animals ﾿ 21

2.16 Decolonization of large animals ﾿ 22

2.7 ﾿ Biology and pathogenecity of  S.aureus ﾿ 23

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Methods ﾿ 24

3.1 Collection of samples ﾿ 24 ﾿

3.2 ﾿ Preparation of samples ﾿ 24

3.3 ﾿ Media preparation ﾿ 24

3.4 ﾿ Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 24

3.5 ﾿ Subcuturing of the isolates ﾿ 25

3.6 ﾿ Identification of S.aureus ﾿ 25

3.7 ﾿ Gram staining ﾿ 25

3.8 ﾿ Biochemical test ﾿ 26

3.9 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 26

3.10 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 26

3.11 ﾿ Antibiotic susceptibility testing ﾿ 27

﾿ CHAPTER FOUR 

RESULTS ﾿ 28 ﾿

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 32

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion, ﾿ 33

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 33

References ﾿ 35

Appendices ﾿ 38