ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF Salmonella FROM POULTRY INTESTINAL FLUID.

ABSTRACT

Fifty (50) poultry intestinal fluid samples were collected from Ubani market in Umuahia. The intestinal fluid samples were subjected to laboratory analysis to isolate the Salmonella spp. Out of the 50 samples collected, Salmonella species were isolated in 38(76%) of the samples.The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates were determined using  Kirby –Bauer disc diffusion method. The result revealed that 17(44.7%) isolates were sensitive to gentamicin followed by ofloxacin with 9(23.7%) sensitive isolates, 6(13.8%) isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, none of the isolates was sensitive to erythromycin. The 38(100%) isolates were resistant to augumentin, cloxacillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidine and as such did not produce any zone of inhibition. High levels of resistance to antibiotics that are used commonly in the poultry can be a warning to health and this information must be used to form important strategies for improvement of infection control. 

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿

List of figure ﾿

Abstract ﾿ x

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿

1.1 ﾿ Aims and objectives ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature review ﾿ 4

2.1 ﾿ Salmonella ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ Pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. ﾿ 6

2.3 ﾿ Epidemiology of  salmonella spp. ﾿ 8

2.4 ﾿ Mode of transmission ﾿ 10

2.5 ﾿ Antimicrobial resistance ﾿ 11

2.6 ﾿ Mechanism of action of antibiotics ﾿ 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and methods ﾿ 15

3.1 ﾿ Sample collection ﾿ 15

3.2 ﾿ Sterility of materials ﾿ 15

3.3 ﾿ Media used ﾿

3.4 ﾿ Isolation ﾿ 16

3.4.1 ﾿ Serial dilution ﾿

3.4.2 ﾿ Innoculation ﾿

3.4.3 ﾿ Incubation    ﾿

3.4.4 ﾿ Sub-culturing and purification ﾿ 16

3.5 ﾿ Identification and characterization of salmonella ﾿ 16

3.5.1 ﾿ Motility test ﾿

3.5.2 ﾿ Gram staining ﾿

3.6 ﾿ Biochemical tests ﾿ 18

3.6.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿

3.6.2 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿

3.6.3 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿

3.6.4 ﾿ Indole test (using kovac’s reagent) ﾿ 18

3.7 ﾿ Susceptibility testing ﾿ 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 20

CHAPTER  FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, conclusion and recommendation ﾿ 25

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 25

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 26

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 26

References ﾿ 27

Appendixes 

LIST OF TABLES

Table ﾿ Title ﾿ Page

1: ﾿ Prevalence of Salmonella isolates in poultry intestinal fluid in Umuahia ﾿ 21

2: ﾿ Zone of inhibition of the various antimicrobial agent against

 Salmonella isolates from poultry intestinal fluid in Umuahia. ﾿ 22

3: ﾿ Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolate. ﾿ 24

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure ﾿ Title ﾿ Page

1: ﾿ Percentage of antibiotic sensitivity percentage effectiveness 

of Salmonella isolate to different antimicrobial agent. ﾿ 23